Implications of the clinical gestational diagnosis of ZIKV infection in the manifestation of symptoms of postpartum depression: a case-control study

Table 3 Evaluation of severe symptoms of IPPD attributed to violence suffered during pregnancy, Brazil, 2017 (n = 213)

Characteristics	PPD Symptoms^a				Statistics
	Cases		Controls		OR(CI 95%)	p
	n	%	n	%	OR(CI 95%)	p
History of violence^b
Emotional violence during pregnancy
Yes	19	32.20	40	67.80	3.80(1.81–7.99)	0.001*
No	17	11.11	136	88.89
Physical violence during pregnancy
Yes	4	66.67	2	33.33	11.86(2.07–67.82)	0.007**
No	28	14.48	166	85.57
Sexual abuse in the last year
Yes	1	50.00	1	50.00	5.21(0.32–85.43)	0.302**
No	33	16.10	172	83.90
Fear of her partner
Yes	6	75.00	2	25.00	17.90(3.44–92.99)	0.001**
No	29	14.36	173	85.64
Fear of someone else
Yes	3	33.33	6	66.67	2.68(0.64–11.28)	0.170**
No	31	15.74	166	84.26

OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval; χ2 test; *Mantel-Haenszel test;** Fisher’s Exact test; ^aScore of ≥13 on the EPDS Edinburgh postnatal depression scale; ^bSome did not answer

ISSN: 1471-244X