Associations of psychological distress with positive psychological variables and activities of daily living among stroke patients: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Hierarchical regression analyses of stroke survivors

	Depression			Anxiety
	Step 1 (β)	Step 2 (β)	Step 3 (β)	Step 1 (β)	Step 2 (β)	Step 3 (β)
Step 1 Demographic Characteristics
Age	0.039	0.013	0.019	0.028	0.008	0.016
Gender	−0.055	− 0.057	− 0.030	− 0.031	− 0.032	− 0.009
Marital status	0.062	0.049	0.021	0.019	0.009	−0.019
Education_1	−0.048	−0.021	− 0.007	−0.020	0.000	0.010
Education_2	−0.124*	−0.075	− 0.041	−0.132**	− 0.094	−0.070
Residence types	0.067	0.037	0.035	0.106**	0.082*	0.089*
Chronic disease	0.094*	0.049	0.031	0.085*	0.049	0.042
Monthly income_1	0.184**	0.218	0.216**	0.142**	0.168**	0.165**
Monthly income_2	0.179**	0.184	0.195**	0.117**	0.121**	0.136**
Medical payment types	0.074*	0.051	0.000	0.040	0.022	−0.014
Step 2 Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
		−0.335**	−0.271**		−0.261**	− 0.237**
Step 3 Positive psychological variables
Social support			−0.111**			−0.142**
Hope			−0.120**			−0.148**
Resilience			−0.179**			−0.083
Self-efficacy			−0.031			−0.135**
F	4.704**	11.806**	14.009**	4.213**	8.114**	9.233**
R²	0.069	0.169	0.244	0.062	0.123	0.176
Adjusted R²	0.054	0.155	0.227	0.047	0.107	0.157
△R²	0.069	0.100	0.075	0.062	0.060	0.053

Notes. Education_1 means Middle school vs. Primary school. Education_2 means College vs. Primary school. Monthly income_1 means ‘318.9–797.0 (US dollars)’ vs. ‘< 318.8’. Monthly income_2 means ‘> 797.1 (US dollars)’ vs. ‘< 318.8’
* p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01 (two-tailed)

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