Skip to main content

Table 3 Logistic regression analyses of variables associated with dispensed ADHD medication and OAT

From: Dispensation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications in patients receiving opioid agonist therapy; a national prospective cohort study in Norway from 2015 to 2017

 

2015

2016

2017

Dispensed ADHD medication

N = 274

N = 312

N = 349

Not dispensed ADHD medication

N = 7546

N = 7378

N = 7236

 

Crude OR

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Crude OR

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Crude OR

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Age

 - ≤ 25

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

 - 26–35

1.8

1.8 (0.7–4.5)

1.3

1.3 (0.6–2.9)

0.8

0.8 (0.4–1.7)

 - 36–45

1.4

1.5 (0.6–2.7)

0.9

1.0 (0.5–2.2)

0.7

0.7 (0.4–1.5)

 - 46–55

0.9

1.0 (0.4–2.6)

0.6

0.7 (0.3–1.6)

0.5

0.5 (0.2–1.0)

 - ≥ 56

0.4

0.5 (0.2–1.4)

0.3

0.4 (0.2–0.9)

0.3

0.3 (0.1–0.6)

Gender

 - Female

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

 - Male

1.1

1.0 (0.8–1.4)

1.1

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

1.2

1.2 (1.0–1.6)

The number of dispensations of OAT opioids per calendar year

 - ≥ 52

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

 - 13–51

0.9

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

0.7

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

1.1

1.1 (0.8–1.7)

 - 7–12

0.7

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.8

0.9 (0.6–1.3)

1.3

1.3 (0.9–2.0)

 - 1–6

0.7

0.7 (0.4–1.2)

0.9

1.0 (0.7–1.6)

1.0

1.0 (0.6–1.7)

OAT opioidsa

 - Methadone (incl. Levomethadone)

1.0 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

1.0 (ref.)

 - Buprenorphine (incl. combinations)

2.0

1.7 (1.3–2.3)

2.2

1.9 (1.4–2.5)

1.9

1.6 (1.3–2.1)

Dispensed opioids (excl. OAT opioids)

1.0

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

1.0

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

1.4

1.5 (1.1–1.9)

Dispensed gabapentinoids

0.8

0.9 (0.5–1.4)

1.2

1.2 (0.8–1.7)

1.1

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

Dispensed benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics

0.8

1.0 (0.7–1.2)

0.8

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

1.0

1.0 (0.8–1.3)

Dispensed DAA

0.8

1.0 (0.5–2.1)

1.1

1.4 (0.9–2.3)

1.4

1.6 (1.2–2.2)

  1. ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD medication Atomoxetine, racemic amphetamine, dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, and methylphenidate, CI confidence interval, DAA direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C infection, and OAT opioid agonist therapy
  2. a The last OAT opioid was dispensed during a calendar year recorded in the Norwegian Prescription Database
  3. The table displays odds ratios for each independent variable among patients who were dispensed ADHD medication (dependent variable) and OAT. For example, the adjusted odds of being dispensed opioids in 2017 was 1.5 among patients who were dispensed ADHD medication. Each independent variable is stated as crude (unadjusted) and adjusted for each calendar year. Italics display significant values