Table 1 Patients’ recruitment: inclusion and exclusion criteria

All groups

- Age 20–55 years old;

- Good knowledge of Italian language.

- Inability to provide informed consent (because of low education, or cognitive impairment);

- Severe cognitive deficit (MMSE equal or lower than 24.0);

- Lifetime diagnosis of substance use disorder according to DSM-5 criteria (APA, 2013 [52]);

- History of clinically significant head injury;

- Cerebrovascular, neurological disease.

G1 and G2

- SSD diagnosis according to DSM-5 (APA, 2013 [52]);

- In charge to a RF or to a DMH as outpatient.