Table 3 Scale scores (mean ± S.D.) of the six factors in healthy volunteers (controls, n = 738), bipolar I (n = 207), bipolar II (n = 265) and major depressive (n = 192) disorder patients

Psychomotor Acceleration

7.21 ± 1.36^a

7.28 ± 1.08^a

3.59 ± 2.72^abc

.719 ~ 1.962

Hopelessness

2.89 ± 2.25^a

5.46 ± 3.15^ab

7.22 ± 2.61^abc

.484 ~ 2.538

Suicide Tendency

.43 ± 1.08^a

1.23 ± 1.98^ab

2.24 ± 2.28^abc

.389 ~ 1.807

Overactivation

4.24 ± 1.28^a

1.03 ± 1.12^b

.90 ± 1.04^ab

.215 ~ 2.853

Retardation

1.77 ± 1.91

3.55 ± 2.44^ab

4.22 ± 2.32^abc

.280 ~ 1.823

Distraction/ Impulsivity

4.33 ± 1.57^a

3.04 ± 1.44^ab

2.09 ± 1.40^bc

.667 ~ 1.604