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Table 3 Potential risk factors of severe affective symptoms at 4-month follow-upa

From: Loneliness as a predictor of outcomes in mental disorders among people who have experienced a mental health crisis: a 4-month prospective study

Variables

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Coefficient

95% CI

p-Valueb

Coefficientc

95% CI

p-Value

Coefficient

95% CI

p-Value

Coefficient

95% CI

p-Value

Psychosocial variables

 Loneliness (ULS-8)

0.41

0.30, 0.53

< 0.001

0.37

0.24, 0.49

< 0.001

0.34

0.21, 0.47

< 0.001

0.11

−0.02, 0.24

0.10

 Social network size (2 items from LSNS-6)

   

−0.06

− 0.32, 0.21

0.68

− 0.02

− 0.30, 0.25

0.88

− 0.06

−0.31, 0.19

0.64

 Social capital (HLSSC)

   

−0.19

−0.40, 0.02

0.08

−0.10

− 0.32, 0.12

0.39

− 0.04

− 0.25, 0.16

0.67

Socio-demographic variables

Born in the UK

      

0.50

−0.89, 1.89

0.48

0.52

−0.75, 1.80

0.42

Employment

 No

      

reference

     

 In voluntary, protected or sheltered work

      

−0.95

−2.96, 1.06

0.35

−0.06

−1.92, 1.79

0.95

 In regular employment

      

−0.70

−2.05, 0.65

0.31

−0.82

−2.06, 0.42

0.19

 Living with a partner or with family

      

−0.72

−1.94, 0.50

0.25

−0.76

−1.88, 0.36

0.18

Psychiatric variables

Number of years since first contact with mental health services

 Less than 3 months

      

reference

     

 3 months – 1 year

      

−2.26

−4.56, 0.05

0.06

−1.98

−4.09, 0.14

0.07

 1–2 years

      

0.44

−2.21, 3.09

0.75

0.78

−1.65, 3.21

0.53

 2–10 years

      

0.03

−1.72, 1.78

0.97

−0.12

−1.73, 1.49

0.88

 More than 10 years

      

−0.28

−2.14, 1.58

0.77

−0.48

−2.18, 1.23

0.58

 Diagnosis

 Psychosis

      

reference

     

 Bipolar affective disorder/Manic episode

      

0.83

−0.99, 2.64

0.37

0.89

−0.78, 2.56

0.29

 Depressive/Anxiety disorders

      

1.52

−0.06, 3.10

0.06

0.75

−0.72, 2.21

0.32

 Personality disorders

      

3.16

1.18, 5.14

0.002

2.11

0.27, 3.95

0.03

 Other disorders

      

0.65

−1.65, 2.96

0.58

−0.40

−2.53, 1.73

0.71

Affective symptoms at baseline (4 items from BPRS)

         

0.42

0.31, 0.53

< 0.001

R2adj

0.138

0.138

0.168

0.300

  1. CI Confidence Interval, ULS-8 UCLA Loneliness Scale-8, LSNS-6 Lubben Social Network Scale-6, HLSSC Health and Lifestyles Survey Social Capital Questionnaire, BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, R2adj adjusted-R2
  2. aUsing multivariable linear regression analyses with affective symptoms score at 4-month follow-up as dependent variable and factors with p < 0.25 in both Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3 as independent variables
  3. bSignificant p-values printed in bold
  4. cNegative regression coefficient = less severe affective symptoms
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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