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Table 4 Potential risk factors of poor self-rated recovery at 4-month follow-upa

From: Loneliness as a predictor of outcomes in mental disorders among people who have experienced a mental health crisis: a 4-month prospective study

Variables

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Coefficientb

95% CI

p-Valuec

Coefficient

95% CI

p-Value

Coefficient

95% CI

p-Value

Coefficient

95% CI

p-Value

Psychosocial variables

 Loneliness (ULS-8)

−1.38

− 1.71, − 1.05

< 0.001

−1.21

− 1.57, − 0.85

< 0.001

−1.08

− 1.45, − 0.71

< 0.001

− 0.25

−0.63, 0.13

0.19

 Social network size (2 items from LSNS-6)

   

0.29

−0.47, 1.04

0.45

0.55

−0.24, 1.34

0.17

0.32

−0.38, 1.02

0.37

 Social capital (HLSSC)

   

0.54

−0.07, 1.15

0.08

0.44

−0.19, 1.08

0.17

0.15

−0.42, 0.17

0.62

Socio-demographic variables

 Born in the UK

      

−1.38

−5.41, 2.64

0.50

−0.19

−3.78, 3.40

0.92

Employment

 No

      

reference

     

 In voluntary, protected or sheltered work

      

3.56

−2.25, 9.37

0.23

−0.80

−6.11, 4.52

0.77

 In regular employment

      

1.05

−2.84, 4.95

0.60

1.34

−2.12, 4.79

0.45

Living with a partner or with family

      

−0.99

−4.49, 2.51

0.58

0.13

−3.00, 3.27

0.93

Psychiatric variables

Number of years since first contact with mental health services

 Less than 3 months

      

reference

     

 3 months – 1 year

      

0.40

−6.26, 7.06

0.91

−1.43

−7.43, 4.57

0.64

 1–2 years

      

−9.90

− 17.41, −2.38

0.01

− 10.72

− 17.40, −4.02

0.002

 2–10 years

      

−8.78

−13.82, −3.74

0.001

− 7.84

− 12.35, − 3.33

0.001

 More than 10 years

      

−4.12

−9.47, 1.23

0.13

−4.49

−9.30, 0.32

0.07

Diagnosis

 Psychosis

      

reference

     

 Bipolar affective disorder/Manic episode

      

0.32

−4.93, 5.56

0.91

−1.55

−6.22, 3.12

0.51

 Depressive/Anxiety disorders

      

−1.20

−5.76, 3.36

0.60

−0.60

−4.69, 3.48

0.77

 Personality disorders

      

−3.53

−9.18, 2.12

0.22

−3.09

−8.12, 1.93

0.23

 Other disorders

      

3.19

−3.46, 9.84

0.35

3.97

−1.97, 9.91

0.19

Self-rated recovery at baseline (QPR)

         

0.48

0.37, 0.59

< 0.001

R2adj

0.177

0.176

0.219

0.390

  1. CI Confidence Interval, ULS-8 UCLA Loneliness Scale-8, LSNS-6 Lubben Social Network Scale-6, HLSSC Health and Lifestyles Survey Social Capital Questionnaire, QPR Questionnaire on the Process of Recovery, R2adj adjusted-R2
  2. aUsing multivariable linear regression analyses with self-rated recovery score at 4-month follow-up as dependent variable and factors with p < 0.25 in both Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3 as independent variables
  3. bNegative regression coefficient = poorer self-rated recovery
  4. cSignificant p-values printed in bold
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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