Table 1 Distribution of demographic variables in case and control groups
Variables | Control group | Case group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Mean (S.D) | 8.15 (2.23) | 8.19 (2.36) | 0.902 |
Sex | Girl | 53 (53%) | 64 (64%) | 0.114 |
Boy | 47 (47%) | 36 (36%) | ||
Mother’s occupation | Employed | 8 (8%) | 17 (17%) | 0.135 |
Housewife | 92 (92%) | 83 (83%) | ||
Type of consumed water | Tap water | 78 (78%) | 77 (77%) | 0.866 |
Household water treatment facilities | 22 (22%) | 23 (23%) | ||
Failure to thrive (FTT) | Yes | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0.316 |
No | 100 (100%) | 99 (99%) | ||
History of feeding | Breast feeding | 89 (89%) | 92 (92%) | 0.469 |
Formula feeding | 11 (11%) | 8 (8%) | ||
Birth weight | < 1500 | 2 (2%) | 0 | 0.264 |
1500–2499 | 6 (6%) | 9 (9%) | ||
2500–3999 | 90 (90%) | 86 (86%) | ||
> 4000 | 2 (2%) | 5 (5%) | ||
Gestational age | < 37 weeks | 5 (5%) | 5 (5%) | 0.605 |
37–42 weeks | 94 (94%) | 95 (95%) | ||
> 42 weeks | 1 (1%) | 0 | ||
Residency | Rural area | 7 (7%) | 12 (12%) | 0.228 |
Urban area | 93 (93%) | 88 (88%) | ||
Smoking Status | Smoker | 1 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 0.015 |
Exposed | 16 (16%) | 33 (33%) | ||
None | 83 (83%) | 65 (65%) | ||
Number of mother’s pregnancies | First | 57 (57%) | 54 (54%) | 0.790 |
Second | 33 (33%) | 33 (33%) | ||
Third or more | 10 (10%) | 13 (13%) | ||
Going to school or kindergarten | Yes | 97 (97%) | 91 (91%) | 0.074 |
No | 3 (3%) | 9 (9%) | ||
Using school toilets | Yes | 60 (60%) | 49 (49%) | 0.118 |
No | 40 (40%) | 51 (51%) | ||
History of surgery | Yes | 6 (6%) | 11 (11%) | 0.205 |
No | 94 (94%) | 89 (89%) | ||
History of constipation | Yes | 4 (4%) | 43 (43%) | 0.001 |
No | 96 (96%) | 57 (57%) | ||