Table 4 Adjusted reporting odds ratio for the 9 movement disorders between different classes of antidepressants and between the different antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants

0.40 [0.32–0.49]

0.13 [0.08–0.21]

0.88 [0.80–0.97]

0.87 [0.74–1.02]

0.77 [0.68–0.87]

0.36 [0.29–0.45]

0.80 [0.69–0.93]

0.48 [0.34–0.67]

0.76 [0.73–0.79]

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors

1.50 [1.34–1.68]*

1.56 [1.35–1.82]*

1.66 [1.55–1.78]*

1.25 [1.12–1.40]*

1.24 [1.14–1.35]*

0.82 [0.73–0.91]*

1.21 [1.08–1.34]*

1.20 [1.00–1.44]*

1.20 [1.16–1.23]*

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

0.51 [0.25–1.02]

0.34 [0.11–1.07]

0.96 [0.70–1.32]

2.54 [1.81–3.56]

1.12 [0.75–1.66]

0.27 [0.10–0.72]

0.79 [0.46–1.37]

0.19 [0.03–1.36]

0.77 [0.66–0.90]

“Other” antidepressants

0.98 [0.88–1.11]

1.14 [0.98–1.33]

0.59 [0.54–0.64]

0.78 [0.69–0.88]

0.92 [0.84–1.01]

1.89 [1.70–2.10]

0.94 [0.84–1.05]

1.17 [0.97–1.41]

0.97 [0.94–1.00]

Agomelatine

1.31 [0.49–3.50]

1.02 [0.26–4.11]

0.34 [0.11–1.05]

1.30 [0.49–3.47]

1.06 [0.44–2.57]

2.11 [1.00–4.44]

0.33 [0.05–2.34]

1.70 [0.42–6.84]

0.45 [0.29–0.69]

Amineptine

–

–

0.41 [0.10–1.62]

1.16 [0.29–4.64]

1.03 [0.33–3.22]

–

–

–

0.31 [0.15–0.61]

Amitriptyline

0.22 [0.14–0.34]

0.14 [0.07–0.29]

0.65 [0.56–0.76]

0.88 [0.71–1.09]

0.67 [0.56–0.80]

0.44 [0.33–0.58]

0.60 [0.47–0.76]

0.48 [0.29–0.81]

0.64 [0.60–0.69]

Amoxapine

3.22 [1.60–6.48]

–

4.43 [3.07–6.39]*

1.26 [0.41–3.93]

2.02 [1.04–3.92]

0.41 [0.06–2.90]

4.42 [2.50–7.84]*

–

0.65 [0.43–0.98]

Bifemelane

–

–

–

–

8.28 [1.06–64.44]

–

–

–

–

Bupropion

0.32 [0.23–0.46]

0.67 [0.48–0.92]

0.38 [0.32–0.46]

0.46 [0.34–0.63]

0.75 [0.61–0.93]

0.67 [0.52–0.86]

0.83 [0.66–1.05]

0.85 [0.60–1.20]

1.35 [1.28–1.42]*

Butriptyline

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Citalopram

1.60 [1.39–1.84]*

1.48 [1.22–1.78]*

0.95 [0.85–1.05]

1.31 [1.13–1.52]*

1.21 [1.08–1.36]

0.98 [0.84–1.14]

1.07 [0.92–1.25]

1.00 [0.77–1.30]

0.92 [0.88–0.96]

Clomipramine

0.63 [0.36–1.08]

0.19 [0.05–0.77]

1.33 [1.05–1.69]

2.73 [2.01–3.71]*

1.33 [0.97–1.82]

0.24 [0.09–0.64]

0.72 [0.43–1.22]

0.79 [0.36–1.78]

1.42 [1.27–1.59]*

Desipramine

0.87 [0.52–1.44]

0.86 [0.32–2.29]

0.62 [0.26–1.50]

0.42 [0.10–1.68]

1.24 [0.59–2.60]

0.40 [0.06–2.83]

1.09 [0.86–1.37]

Desvenlafaxine

0.62 [0.30–1.31]

2.01 [1.18–3.41]

0.66 [0.43–1.02]

0.18 [0.05–0.72]

0.64 [0.35–1.20]

1.37 [0.86–2.18]

1.38 [0.86–2.23]

0.23 [0.03–1.66]

1.17 [1.01–1.35]

Dibenzepin

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.76 [0.96–3.23]

Dosulepin

0.47 [0.18–1.26]

0.40 [0.10–1.59]

1.18 [0.80–1.72]

0.32 [0.10–0.98]

0.61 [0.34–1.11]

0.31 [0.10–0.97]

0.88 [0.46–1.70]

0.75 [0.61–0.91]

Doxepin

0.47 [0.22–0.99]

0.12 [0.02–0.88]

0.79 [0.55–1.14]

0.37 [0.17–0.84]

0.82 [0.82–1.22]

0.49 [0.25–0.99]

1.11 [0.72–1.73]

0.61 [0.20–1.89]

0.68 [0.57–0.80]

Duloxetine

1.15 [0.92–1.43]

1.83 [1.46–2.31]*

0.58 [0.48–0.69]

0.74 [0.58–0.96]

0.84 [0.70–1.02]

1.88 [1.61–2.20]*

0.94 [0.76–1.18]

1.26 [0.89–1.80]

1.16 [1.10–1.23]*

Escitalopram

2.02 [1.69–2.42]*

1.62 [1.25–2.10]*

0.81 [0.69–0.95]

0.91 [0.71–1.17]

1.16 [0.97–1.38]

1.11 [0.89–1.38]

1.18 [0.96–1.47]

1.14 [0.79–1.64]

0.97 [0.91–1.04]

Etoperidone

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6.88 [2.01–23.50]

Fluoxetine

1.02 [0.86–1.20]

0.66 [0.51–0.85]

1.51 [1.39–1.65]*

1.02 [0.85–1.22]

0.94 [0.81–1.09]

0.64 [0.52–0.79]

1.22 [1.04–1.43]

0.94 [0.72–1.24]

0.96 [0.92–1.01]

Fluvoxamine

1.61 [1.13–2.29]

1.28 [0.74–2.22]

1.48 [1.18–1.86]*

1.81 [1.25–2.64]

1.05 [0.73–1.52]

0.68 [0.38–1.23]

0.87 [0.52–1.44]

1.12 [0.58–2.17]

1.73 [1.56–1.92]*

Hypericum perforatum

–

–

0.26 [0.09–0.82]

0.72 [0.23–2.24]

0.70 [0.26–1.86]

0.71 [0.23–2.20]

0.25 [0.04–1.77]

–

0.36 [0.24–0.54]

Imipramine

0.58 [0.34–1.01]

0.08 [0.01–0.58]

1.17 [0.93–1.48]

0.77 [0.46–1.28]

0.65 [0.43–0.97]

0.50 [0.27–0.94]

1.11 [0.75–1.65]

0.76 [0.36–1.61]

0.95 [0.84–1.07]

Iprindole

–

–

2.01 [0.28–14.52]

–

–

–

–

–

–

Iproclozide

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Iproniazide

–

–

–

4.92 [0.69–35.06]

4.61 [1.10–19.37]

–

–

–

0.69 [0.17–2.79]

Isocarboxazid

–

–

–

3.31 [0.46–23.59]

–

–

2.51 [0.35–18.01]

–

0.87 [0.32–2.34]

Lofepramine

0.63 [0.24–1.68]

0.61 [0.34–1.11]

0.31 [0.08–1.25]

0.72 [0.37–1.39]

0.70 [0.29–1.69]

0.70 [0.55–0.89]

Maprotiline

1.23 [0.61–2.46]

–

0.49 [0.25–0.93]

0.96 [0.43–2.14]

1.66 [1.05–2.61]

0.15 [0.02–1.08]

0.42 [0.14–1.32]

–

0.75 [0.59–0.95]

Medifoxamine

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.14 [0.28–4.65]

Melitracen

0.95 [0.13–6.80]

–

2.14 [0.95–4.79]

–

3.87 [2.00–7.50]

–

4.85 [2.17–10.87]

6.06 [1.51–24.42]

1.71 [1.19–2.45]

Mianserin

2.49 [1.66–3.74]*

–

0.64 [0.39–1.05]

1.52 [0.96–2.43]

0.75 [0.48–1.16]

0.95 [0.52–1.72]

0.30 [0.11–0.81]

–

0.49 [0.39–0.61]

Milnacipran

0.71 [0.23–2.22]

0.35 [0.05–2.50]

0.33 [0.13–0.89]

0.41 [0.10–1.63]

0.67 [0.28–1.60]

0.16 [0.02–1.12]

0.38 [0.10–1.52]

–

0.90 [0.70–1.15]

Minaprine

–

–

2.12 [0.29–15.30]

–

2.77 [0.38–20.05]

–

–

–

0.77 [0.19–3.14]

Mirtazapine

2.55 [2.06–3.14]*

0.42 [0.22–0.82]

0.94 [0.76–1.15]

1.61 [1.26–2.06]*

1.24 [1.02–1.50]

5.24 [4.51–6.10]*

1.11 [0.84–1.47]

0.50 [0.24–1.06]

0.71 [0.64–0.78]

Moclobemide

0.83 [0.35–2.00]

0.29 [0.04–2.04]

1.13 [0.71–1.80]

0.83 [0.34–1.99]

1.09 [0.60–1.97]

0.49 [0.16–1.54]

0.31 [0.08–1.23]

–

0.72 [0.56–0.93]

Nefazodone

0.88 [0.47–1.65]

–

0.73 [0.48–1.11]

0.28 [0.09–0.88]

1.09 [0.66–1.78]

0.37 [0.14–0.99]

0.36 [0.13–0.96]

0.49 [0.12–1.95]

0.64 [0.53–0.78]

Nialamide

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Nomifensine

–

–

0.58 [0.22–1.56]

–

–

–

–

–

0.53 [0.34–0.83]

Nortriptyline

0.48 [0.24–0.97]

0.33 [0.11–1.01]

0.98 [0.72–1.33]

0.34 [0.15–0.77]

0.63 [0.41–0.98]

0.31 [0.14–0.68]

1.03 [0.67–1.59]

0.36 [0.09–1.44]

0.84 [0.73–0.96]

Opipramol

–

–

0.66 [0.21–2.04]

0.53 [0.07–3.73]

0.61 [0.15–2.43]

0.52 [0.07–3.67]

0.53 [0.07–3.74]

–

0.72 [0.72–1.13]

Oxaflozane

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Oxitriptan

–

–

0.86 [0.12–6.16]

3.02 [0.42–21.71]

3.68 [0.91–14.97]

2.69 [0.38–19.19]

–

–

1.00 [0.41–2.43]

Paroxetine

1.49 [1.27–1.76]*

1.43 [1.15–1.78]

1.87 [1.70–2.05]*

1.43 [1.21–1.69]*

1.16 [1.01–1.34]

1.18 [0.99–1.41]

1.22 [1.02–1.45]

1.20 [0.90–1.59]

1.52 [1.45–1.58]*

Phenelzine

0.57 [0.18–1.76]

–

0.85 [0.48–1.50]

4.85 [3.14–7.49]*

1.28 [0.64–2.58]

–

0.37 [0.09–1.50]

–

0.83 [0.64–1.08]

Protriptyline

–

–

1.45 [0.54–3.90]

1.15 [0.16–8.20]

–

1.08 [0.15–7.71]

–

–

0.81 [0.45–1.47]

Quinupramine

–

–

–

26.74 [3.57–200.29]

–

–

–

–

1.94 [0.26–14.27]

Reboxetine

1.95 [0.87–4.36]

0.58 [0.08–4.09]

0.70 [0.31–1.55]

0.36 [0.05–2.52]

0.69 [0.22–2.14]

0.36 [0.05–2.57]

0.36 [0.05–2.53]

0.62 [0.42–0.92]

Sertraline

0.85 [0.71–1.02]

1.63 [1.35–1.98]*

1.02 [0.92–1.13]

0.74 [0.61–0.91]

1.23 [1.08–1.39]

0.80 [0.66–0.97]

1.03 [0.87–1.22]

1.33 [1.04–1.71]

1.08 [1.03–1.14]*

Tianeptine

0.35 [0.05–2.45]

–

0.28 [0.07–1.12]

1.58 [0.71–3.53]

0.75 [0.34–1.68]

0.26 [0.04–1.86]

–

–

0.51 [0.35–0.75]

Toloxatone

–

–

–

5.86 [0.82–42.07]

–

–

–

–

0.42 [0.06–3.04]

Tranylcypromine

–

1.11 [0.28–4.47]

1.06 [0.55–2.04]

2.11 [0.94–4.71]

0.87 [0.32–2.32]

0.31 [0.04–2.18]

2.20 [1.09–4.42]

0.94 [0.13–6.69]

0.83 [0.60–1.16]

Trazodone

1.08 [0.80–1.46]

0.44 [0.23–0.85]

1.01 [0.83–1.24]

0.48 [0.31–0.74]

1.03 [0.83–1.28]

1.01 [0.75–1.36]

1.31 [1.01–1.69]

0.58 [0.29–1.17]

0.73 [0.66–0.81]

Trimipramine

1.06 [0.44–2.55]

0.40 [0.06–2.81]

1.57 [1.00–2.47]

0.63 [0.20–1.95]

0.52 [0.22–1.25]

0.81 [0.30–2.15]

1.30 [0.62–2.74]

–

0.93 [0.72–1.20]

Tryptophan

0.10 [0.03–0.41]

0.08 [0.01–0.54]

0.07 [0.03–0.19]

0.05 [0.01–0.28]

0.05 [0.01–0.20]

0.04 [0.01–0.30]

0.09 [0.02–0.35]

8.13 [6.06–10.92]*

0.36 [0.30–0.43]

Venlafaxine

0.98 [0.80–1.19]

1.98 [1.63–2.42]*

1.02 [0.90–1.15]

1.31 [1.09–1.57]

1.22 [1.06–1.42]

1.25 [1.06–1.49]

1.35 [1.14–1.59]*

0.81 [0.57–1.16]

1.07 [1.02–1.13]

Vilazodone

0.75 [0.24–2.32]

2.04 [0.85–4.92]

0.18 [0.05–0.72]

–

1.48 [0.74–2.97]

3.87 [2.40–6.26]*

1.35 [0.61–3.02]

0.64 [0.09–4.54]

1.41 [1.13–1.76]

Viloxazine

–

–

–

4.66 [1.93–11.28]

1.57 [0.58–4.22]

–

–

–

0.43 [0.19–0.95]

Vortioxetine

2.17 [1.03–4.57]

4.71 [2.52–8.80]*

0.51 [0.21–1.23]

0.31 [0.04–2.15]

0.47 [0.12–1.87]

0.82 [0.26–2.55]

0.87 [0.28–2.71]

2.23 [0.72–6.95]

0.59 [0.41–0.85]

Zimeldine

–

–

0.47 [0.12–1.90]

1.22 [0.30–4.87]

–

–

–

–

0.47 [0.26–0.82]