Table 7 Performance of original and proposed GDS-5 against GDS-15

Sensitivity, % (95% CI)

75.8 (67.42–82.91)

90.6 (84.2–95.06)

Specificity, % (95%CI)

96 (91.61–98.54)

84.9 (78.17–90.16)

Positive likelihood ratio, (95% CI)

19.2 (8.71–42.31)

5.99 (4.09–8.76)

Negative likelihood ratio, (95%CI)

0.25 (0.19–0.34)

0.11 (0.06–0.19)

Positive predictive value, % (95%CI)

94.2 (88.00–97.27)

83.45 (77.50–88.06)

Negative predictive value, % (95% CI)

82.5 (77.59–86.51)

91.49 (86.21–94.87)

Accuracy, % (95% CI)

86.8 (82.25–90.52)

87.5 (83.05–91.14)

AUC (area under curve) (95% CI)

0.919 (0.887–0.951)

0.929 (0.900–0.959)

Cronbach’s Alpha

0.416

0.623

kappa

0.73

0.75

Spearman’s correlation coefficient, r_s

0.827

0.860