From: Psychological distress among Italians during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) quarantine
 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | CI 95% | p | OR | CI 95% | p | OR Weighted for residence, gender, age and education | CI 95% | p | |
Gender | |||||||||
 Female vs Male | 2.31 | 2.15–2.48 | <.0001 | 2.35 | 2.20–2.51 | <.0001 | 2.20 | 2.05–2.36 | <.0001 |
 Missing vs Male |  |  |  | 1.66 | 1.39–1.98 | <.0001 |  |  |  |
Age | |||||||||
 18–30 vs 31–50 | 1.06 | 0.95–1.19 | 0.3183 | 1.01 | 0.92–1.12 | 0.7863 | 0.95 | 0.82–1.09 | 0.4577 |
 51–65 vs 31–50 | 0.87 | 0.81–0.94 | 0.0006 | 0.86 | 0.80–0.92 | <.0001 | 0.94 | 0.86–1.03 | 0.1687 |
 ≥66 vs 31–50 | 0.79 | 0.68–0.92 | 0.0020 | 0.77 | 0.68–0.88 | <.0001 | 0.95 | 0.83–1.10 | 0.4967 |
  Missing vs 31–50 |  |  |  | 1.04 | 0.84–1.27 | 0.7448 |  |  |  |
Education | |||||||||
 First level vs University | 1.30 | 1.13–1.50 | 0.0003 | 1.39 | 1.23–1.58 | <.0001 | 1.25 | 1.09–1.43 | 0.0011 |
 Second level vs University | 1.23 | 1.14–1.31 | <.0001 | 1.22 | 1.15–1.30 | <.0001 | 1.24 | 1.12–1.37 | <.0001 |
 Missing vs University |  |  |  | 1.09 | 0.93–1.29 | 0.2907 |  |  |  |
Work | |||||||||
 Student vs Workers | 1.09 | 0.93–1.27 | 0.2984 | 1.16 | 1.01–1.32 | 0.0348 | 0.95 | 0.80–1.13 | 0.5555 |
 Unemployed vs Workers | 1.49 | 1.26–1.76 | <.0001 | 1.50 | 1.29–1.73 | <.0001 | 1.32 | 1.14–1.53 | 0.0002 |
 Other vs Workers | 0.97 | 0.87–1.08 | 0.6071 | 0.96 | 0.87–1.06 | 0.3817 | 0.92 | 0.82–1.03 | 0.1414 |
 Missing vs Workers |  |  |  | 1.10 | 0.86–1.42 | 0.4519 |  |  |  |
House | |||||||||
 1–2 Rooms vs ≥3 Rooms | 1.13 | 1.03–1.25 | 0.0115 | 1.17 | 1.07–1.27 | 0.0004 | 1.45 | 1.31–1.60 | <.0001 |
 Missing vs ≥3 Rooms |  |  |  | 0.91 | 0.77–1.09 | 0.3149 |  |  |  |
Live with | |||||||||
 2 components vs Alone | 0.89 | 0.80–1.00 | 0.0416 | 0.93 | 0.85–1.03 | 0.1616 | 0.85 | 0.76–0.96 | 0.0061 |
 3 components vs Alone | 1.02 | 0.91–1.14 | 0.7439 | 1.02 | 0.92–1.13 | 0.6565 | 1.08 | 0.96–1.22 | 0.1953 |
 More than 3 components vs Alone | 1.00 | 0.90–1.12 | 0.9601 | 1.02 | 0.92–1.12 | 0.7722 | 1.08 | 0.96–1.22 | 0.1948 |
 Missing vs Alone |  |  |  | 1.27 | 1.01–1.60 | 0.0404 |  |  |  |
New health problems during previous 14 days | |||||||||
 Symptomatic vs Nothing | 2.00 | 1.75–2.29 | <.0001 | 1.97 | 1.75–2.23 | <.0001 | 2.01 | 1.65–2.44 | <.0001 |
 Non symptomatic vs Nothing | 1.32 | 1.05–1.66 | 0.0181 | 1.29 | 1.05–1.58 | 0.0141 | 2.40 | 1.80–3.20 | <.0001 |
 Missing vs Nothing |  |  |  | 0.99 | 0.84–1.17 | 0.9399 |  |  |  |
Contact with Covid-19 positive people | |||||||||
 Yes vs No | 1.20 | 1.07–1.34 | 0.0022 | 1.20 | 1.09–1.33 | 0.0004 | 1.09 | 0.92–1.31 | 0.3202 |
 Missing vs No |  |  |  | 0.91 | 0.72–1.15 | 0.4209 |  |  |  |
Left the house in the previous week | |||||||||
 No vs Yes | 1.17 | 1.09–1.25 | <.0001 | 1.18 | 1.11–1.25 | <.0001 | 1.48 | 1.38–1.60 | <.0001 |
 Missing vs Yes |  |  |  | 1.22 | 1.04–1.43 | 0.0150 |  |  |  |