Table 1 Participant characteristics for participation in PHQ-9 completion and cognitive interview
From: Cognitive testing of the PHQ-9 for depression screening among pregnant and postpartum women in Kenya
Characteristic | Frequency | |
|---|---|---|
Phase 1 PHQ-9 Completion (N = 29) | Phase 2, Cognitive Interview (N = 20) | |
Age, years | 29.7 (26.4–33.7) | 29.3 (25.2–33.3) |
Any income reported | 19 (65.5%) | 12 (60.0%) |
Education, years | 8.0 (8.0–12.0) | 10.5 (8.0–12.0) |
Literate | 29 (100.0%) | 20 (100.0%) |
Preferred language of PHQ-9 | ||
English | 14 (48.3%) | 12 (60.0%) |
Kiswahili | 15 (51.7%) | 8 (40.0%) |
Kikuyu | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Preferred language of cognitive interview | ||
English | NA | 0 (0.0%) |
Kiswahili | 6 (30.0%) | |
Kikuyu | 2 (10.0%) | |
Mix of two or more languages | 12 (60.0%) | |
Married or in a relationship | 27 (93.1%) | 20 (100.0%) |
Partnership duration, yearsa | 1.6 (0.8–6.2) | 1.3 (0.5–5.6) |
Number of prior children | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) |
Any unprotected sex with current partner in prior month | 7 (24.1%) | 5 (25.0%) |
Any sex with outside partner in prior month | 1 (3.5%) | 0 (0.0%) |
HIV-infected | 13 (44.8%) | 8 (40.0%) |
On ART, participants living with HIV only | 13 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) |
On PrEP, HIV-uninfected participants only | 14 (87.5%) | 12 (100.0%) |
Pregnancy status | ||
1st Trimester | 6 (20.7%) | 3 (15.0%) |
2nd Trimester | 5 (17.2%) | 3 (15.0%) |
3rd Trimester | 2 (6.9%) | 2 (10.0%) |
Postpartum | 16 (55.2%) | 12 (60.0%) |
Frequency of individual PHQ-9 itemsb | ||
Little interest or pleasure | 17 (58.6%) | 12 (60.0%) |
Feeling down, depressed, hopeless | 16 (55.2%) | 11 (55.0%) |
Trouble sleeping too little or too much | 21 (72.4%) | 14 (70.0%) |
Tired or little energy | 15 (51.7%) | 11 (55.0%) |
Poor appetite or overeating | 18 (62.1%) | 14 (70.0%) |
Feeling bad about yourself | 7 (24.1%) | 6 (30.0%) |
Trouble concentrating | 9 (31.0%) | 7 (35.0%) |
Moving slowly or feeling restless | 7 (24.1%) | 6 (30.0%) |
Thoughts of suicide of self-harm | 4 (13.8%) | 2 (10.0%) |
Median PHQ-9 score | 5 (3–9) | 5 (3–9.5) |
PHQ-9 scoring categories | ||
< 5 | 11 (37.9%) | 8 (40.0%) |
5–14 | 17 (58.6%) | 11 (55.0%) |
> 14 | 1 (3.5%) | 1 (5.0%) |