Persistent depressive disorder across the adult lifespan: results from clinical and population-based surveys in Germany

Table 1 Sample characteristics of the clinical and the population-based sample

	Clinical sample¹ (n = 45)	DEGS1-MH² (n = 4408)	Cohen’s d
Sex, % (95% CI)
Male	53.3 (37.8–66.7)	49.1 (47.1–51.0)	0.84
Female	46.7 (33.3–62.2)	50.9 (49.0–52.9)	0.84
Age, mean (95% CI)	47.1 (43.6–50.6)	48.0 (47.4–48.6)	0.18
Age group (years), % (95% CI)
18–34	22.2 (12.1–37.2)	24.8 (23.1–26.5)	0.61
35–49	24.4 (13.8–39.6)	29.2 (27.5–30.9)	1.07
50–64	51.1 (36.3–65.8)	25.4 (24.0–26.9)	5.83
65–79	2.2 (0.3–15.1)	20.7 (19.4–22.0)	4.53
Marital status³, % (95% CI)
Married and living with partner	11.1 (2.2–20.0)	60.8 (58.5–63.2)	26.87
Married and not living with partner/Single/Divorced/Widowed	88.9 (80.0–97.8)	39.2 (36.9–41.6)	10.18
Educational level⁴, % (95% CI)
Low	2.3 (0.0–6.8)	35.0 (32.6–37.6)	6.90
Medium	36.4 (22.7–52.3)	50.8 (48.7–52.9)	2.89
High	61.4 (47.7–45.0)	14.2 (12.6–16.0)	13.51

CI confidence interval, CIDI Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Cohen’s d effect size computed for groups with different sample size, by adjusting the calculation of the pooled standard deviation with weights for the sample sizes
¹Clinical Sample at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin: 2018–2019; n = 45 re-participants based on n = 60 patients who participated in inpatient treatment with the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP [40]), age range: 24–66 years
²German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults, mental health module (DEGS1-MH): 2009–2012, weighted for population structure as of 31st December 2010; age range: 18–79 years; n = 4408 with full CIDI mood disorders section
³In DEGS1-MH, n = 32 subjects did not provide information on marital status
⁴Categorization according to the Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility in Industrial Nations (CASMIN) scale. There were missing values for n = 1 subject in the clinical sample and n = 17 participants in the DEGS1-MH sample

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