Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with khat chewing among women in Ethiopia, Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 2016 (N = 15,683)

Age group in years

15–19

Ref

20–24

1.87

1.48–2.37

< 0.001

1.84

1.30–2.60

< 0.001*

25–29

2.74

2.20–3.42

< 0.001

2.53

1.75–3.64

< 0.001*

30–34

3.87

3.10–4.82

< 0.001

4.28

2.91–6.30

< 0.001*

35–39

3.35

2.66–4.22

< 0.001

3.47

2.30–5.24

< 0.001*

40–44

4.06

3.19–5.17

< 0.001

5.27

3.45–8.06

< 0.001*

45–49

3.09

2.35–4.07

< 0.001

3.48

2.19–5.53

< 0.001*

Religion

Orthodox

Ref

Protestant^a

0.07

0.03–0.15

< 0.001

0.06

0.01–0.19

< 0.001*

Muslim

7.63

6.49–8.95

< 0.001

10.48

8.41–13.06

< 0.001*

Traditional

0.83

0.20–3.42

0.80

2.41

0.56–10.30

0.234

Educational level

No education

2.38

1.79–3.15

< 0.001

1.63

0.96–2.77

0.068

Primary

1.88

1.41–2.51

< 0.001

2.32

1.40–3.87

0.001*

Secondary

1.07

0.77–1.49

1.47

1.49

0.89–2.50

0.125

Higher

Ref

Wealth index

Poorest

Ref

Poorer

2.13

1.76–2.57

< 0.001

2.87

2.23–3.68

< 0.001*

Middle

1.71

1.40–2.09

< 0.001

2.38

1.82–3.11

< 0.001*

Richer

1.25

1.01–1.55

0.04

1.92

1.43–2.57

< 0.001*

Richest

1.54

1.32–1.82

< 0.001

2.85

2.23–3.65

< 0.001*

Residence

Urban

Ref

Rural

0.92

0.82–1.04

0.192

Household head

Male

Ref

Female

0.86

0.75–0.97

0.02

0.96

0.68–1.36

0.832

Children

None

Ref

1

1.92

1.56–2.36

< 0.001

1.63

1.19–2.24

0.002*

2

2.13

1.73–2.63

< 0.001

1.34

0.94–1.90

0.098

≥3

2.78

2.39–3.23

< 0.001

1.14

0.81–1.61

0.430

Number of sexual partners

None

Ref

1

1.65

1.28–2.13

< 0.001

0.74

0.55–1.01

0.060

2

1.62

1.21–2.15

0.001

1.02

0.83–1.25

0.842

≥3

1.55

1.06–2.28

0.024

1.11

0.75–1.63

0.591

Not known

1.81

1.37–2.39

< 0.001

0.63

0.45–0.90

0.010

STI last 12 months

No

Ref

Yes

1.00

0.46–2.17

1.00

0.82

0. 35–1.96

0.670

Relationship to household head

Head

Ref

Wife

1.14

0.98–1.32

0.077

1.27

0.85–1.90

0.239

Daughter

0.47

0.39–0.57

< 0.001

0.97

0.66–1.41

0.885

Grand daughter

0.21

0.08–0.59

0.003

0.51

0.11–2.25

0.381

Mother

1.13

0.34–3.80

0.831

2.72

0.69–10.75

0.152

Sister

0.57

0.36–0.91

0.019

0.87

0.44–1.73

0.707

Other relative

0.41

0.27–0.62

< 0.001

0.91

0.50–1.62

0.752

Not relative

0.50

0.33–0.76

0.001

0.92

0.49–1.73

0.806

Reads newspaper or magazine

No

Ref

Yes

0.63

0.53–0.75

< 0.001

0.91

0.68–1.23

0.570

Listens to radio

No

Ref

Yes

0.87

0.77–0.99

0.038

1.16

0.96–1.40

0.103

Watches TV

No

Ref

Yes

0.96

0.86–1.09

0.605

Use of internet

No

Ref

Yes

0.67

0.53–0.84

0.001

1.21

0.81–1.81

0.332

Most recent sex partner

Spouse

Ref

Other

0.53

0.37–0.76

0.001

0.55

0.37–0.80

0.002 *

No partner

0.76

0.41–1.40

0.378

0.79

0.37–1.70

0.551

Not known

0.94

0.84–1.06

0.360

0.97

0.81–1.17

0.781