Table 1 Characteristics of the final sample
From: The effect of depressive symptomatology on the association of vitamin D and sleep
Variable | Total sample | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 1252 (100%) | 605 (48.3%) | 647 (51.7%) |
Age (years), means (SD) | 57.09 (12.28) | 58.39 (12.19) | 55.89 (12.25) |
Birth, n (%) | |||
In Germany | 1196 (95.5%) | 574 (94.9%) | 622 (96.1%) |
In another country | 56 (4.5%) | 31 (5.1%) | 25 (3.9%) |
Family status, n (%) | |||
Married, living together | 787 (62.9%) | 419 (69.3%) | 368 (56.9%) |
Married, not living together | 28 (2.2%) | 9 (1.5%) | 19 (2.9%) |
Single | 209 (16.7%) | 93 (15.4%) | 116 (17.9%) |
Divorced | 163 (13.0%) | 68 (11.2%) | 95 (14.7%) |
Widowed | 65 (5.2%) | 16 (2.6%) | 49 (7.6%) |
Socio-economic status, n (%)a | |||
High | 339 (27.1%) | 180 (29.8%) | 159 (24.6%) |
Middle | 740 (59.1%) | 341 (56.4%) | 399 (61.7%) |
Low | 171 (13.7%) | 83 (13.7%) | 88 (13.6%) |
Employment status, n (%) | |||
Gainful employment | 708 (56.6%) | 328 (54.2%) | 380 (58.7%) |
Unemployment | 99 (7.9%) | 48 (7.9%) | 51 (7.9%) |
Retirement | 445 (35.5%) | 229 (37.9%) | 216 (33.4%) |
BMI, means (SD) | 27.20 (4.49) | 27.70 (3.89) | 26.73 (4.94) |
Consumption of alcohol (g/day), | |||
means (SD)b | 12.88 (17.81) | 19.47 (21.34) | 6.70 (10.44) |
Vitamin D supplement, n (%) | 225 (18.0%) | 76 (12.6%) | 149 (23.0%) |
Season in which vitamin D concen-trations had been measured, n(%) | |||
Winter | 298 (23.8%) | 160 (26.4%) | 138 (21.3%) |
Spring | 304 (24.3%) | 146 (24.1%) | 158 (24.4%) |
Summer | 329 (26.3%) | 157 (26.0%) | 172 (26.6%) |
Autumn | 321 (25.6%) | 142 (23.5%) | 179 (27.7%) |
Lifetime diagnosis of depressive disorders, n (%) | 132 (10.5%) | 41 (6.8%) | 91 (14.1%) |
Lifetime diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland, n(%) | 322 (25.7%) | 83 (13.7%) | 239 (36.9%) |
Depression status according to the CES-D sum score, n (%) | |||
Clinically inconspicuous symptomatology (score: 0–14) | 1041 (83.1%) | 525 (86.8%) | 516 (79.8%) |
Mild to moderate depressive symptomatology, clinically relevant (score: 15–21) | 139 (11.1%) | 55 (9.1%) | 84 (13.0%) |
Severe depressive symptomatology, possibly associated with Major Depression (score: ≥22) | 72 (5.8%) | 25 (4.1%) | 47 (7.3%) |
Serum 25(OH) D concentration (ng/ml), means (SD) | 23.44 (11.15) | 23.56 (11.00) | 23.32 (11.29) |
Night sleep duration (hh:mm), means (SD) | 6:16 (0:59) | 6:03 (0:59) | 6:28 (0:56) |
Mid sleep time (hh:mm), means (SD) | 03:10 (0:50) | 03:14 (0:51) | 03:07 (0:49) |