Table 1 Percentage distribution of background characteristics among older adults in India (N = 9181)
Variables | N | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
Psychological distress | ||
Low | 7027 | 76.5 |
High | 2154 | 23.5 |
Age (years) | ||
60–69 | 5815 | 63.3 |
70–79 | 2437 | 26.5 |
80+ | 929 | 10.1 |
Gender | ||
Men | 4353 | 47.4 |
Women | 4828 | 52.6 |
Religion | ||
Hindu | 7389 | 80.5 |
Muslim | 617 | 6.7 |
Sikh | 771 | 8.4 |
Others | 404 | 4.4 |
Caste | ||
Scheduled Caste | 1802 | 19.6 |
Scheduled Tribe | 470 | 5.1 |
Other Backward Class | 3190 | 34.8 |
Others | 3719 | 40.5 |
Place of residence | ||
Rural | 4784 | 52.1 |
Urban | 4397 | 47.9 |
Educational status | ||
No education | 4186 | 45.6 |
Below 5 years | 1886 | 20.5 |
6–10 years | 2310 | 25.2 |
11+ years | 799 | 8.7 |
Marital status | ||
Not in union | 3724 | 40.6 |
Currently in union | 5457 | 59.4 |
Wealth | ||
Poorest | 1758 | 19.2 |
Poorer | 1838 | 20.0 |
Middle | 1823 | 19.9 |
Richer | 1844 | 20.1 |
Richest | 1918 | 20.9 |
Source of income | ||
0 “No source” | 3940 | 42.9 |
1 | 4318 | 47.0 |
2+ | 923 | 10.1 |
Working status | ||
No | 7076 | 77.1 |
Yes | 2105 | 22.9 |
Community involvement | ||
No | 1753 | 19.1 |
Yes | 7428 | 80.9 |
Living arrangement | ||
Alone | 556 | 6.1 |
With spouse | 1339 | 14.6 |
Others | 7286 | 79.4 |
How important do you feel you are important to your family? | ||
Important | 5987 | 65.2 |
Somewhat or not important | 3194 | 34.8 |
Violence | ||
No | 8280 | 90.2 |
Yes | 901 | 9.8 |
Multi-morbidity | ||
0 “No morbidity” | 3260 | 35.5 |
1 | 2936 | 32.0 |
2+ | 2985 | 32.5 |
Disability | ||
0 “No disability” | 2485 | 27.1 |
1 | 2816 | 30.7 |
2+ | 3880 | 42.3 |
ADL | ||
High “6+ score” | 8521 | 92.8 |
Low “5 or less score” | 660 | 7.2 |
IADL | ||
High “6+ score” | 4276 | 46.6 |
Low “5 or less score” | 4905 | 53.4 |
Cognitive ability | ||
High “scores 5+” | 3888 | 42.4 |
Low “scores of 4 or less” | 5293 | 57.7 |
State | ||
Kerala | 1338 | 14.6 |
Himachal Pradesh | 1452 | 15.8 |
Punjab | 1249 | 13.6 |
West Bengal | 1112 | 12.1 |
Orissa | 1448 | 15.8 |
Maharashtra | 1251 | 13.6 |
Tamil Nadu | 1331 | 14.5 |
Total | 9181 | 100.0 |