Bidimensional structure and measurement equivalence of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: sex-sensitive assessment of depressive symptoms in three representative German cohort studies

Tibubos, Ana N.; Otten, Daniëlle; Zöller, Daniela; Binder, Harald; Wild, Philipp S.; Fleischer, Toni; Johar, Hamimatunnisa; Atasoy, Seryan; Schulze, Lara; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz; Schomerus, Georg; Linkohr, Birgit; Grabe, Hans J.; Kruse, Johannes; Schmidt, Carsten-Oliver; Münzel, Thomas; König, Jochem; Brähler, Elmar; Beutel, Manfred E.

doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03234-x

Table 2 Confirmatory factor analyses for the total sample, only women, and only men

From: Bidimensional structure and measurement equivalence of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: sex-sensitive assessment of depressive symptoms in three representative German cohort studies

	Aggregated sample (GHS, KORA, SHIP)
	χ ²	df	SRMR	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
All
One-factor model	2654.537	27	0.037	0.936	0.915	0.071 (0.068–0.073)
Two-factor model	2044.376	26	0.035	0.951	0.932	0.063 (0.061–0.065)
Bifactor model	940.244	18	0.022	0.978	0.955	0.051 (0.048–0.054)
Women
One-factor model	1297.450	27	0.036	0.939	0.919	0.069 (0.066–0.072)
Two-factor model	1023.266	26	0.034	0.952	0.934	0.063 (0.059–0.066)
Bifactor model	450.454	18	0.022	0.979	0.959	0.049 (0.046–0.053)
Men
One-factor model	1413.588	27	0.039	0.906	0.922	0.073 (0.070–0.076)
Two-factor model	1102.949	26	0.036	0.945	0.924	0.065 (0.062–0.069)
Bifactor model	693.776	19	0.029	0.966	0.935	0.061 (0.057–0.064)
	Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)
	χ ²	df	SRMR	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
All
One-factor model	1985.936	27	0.038	0.935	0.913	0.072 (0.069–0.075)
Two-factor model	1413.206	26	0.035	0.954	0.936	0.062 (0.059–0.064)
Bifactor model	649.659	18	0.021	0.980	0.960	0.049 (0.046–0.052)
Women
One-factor model	962.787	27	0.038	0.937	0.915	0.071 (0.067–0.075)
Two-factor model	715.806	26	0.035	0.953	0.935	0.062 (0.058–0.066)
Bifactor model	326.319	18	0.022	0.980	0.961	0.048 (0.044–0.053)
Men
One-factor model	1079.730	27	0.039	0.929	0.906	0.074 (0.070–0.078)
Two-factor model	783.712	26	0.036	0.949	0.930	0.064 (0.060–0.068)
Bifactor model	537.167	19	0.029	0.967	0.937	0.061 (0.056–0.065)
	Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region (KORA)
	χ ²	df	SRMR	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
All
One-factor model	362.071	27	0.037	0.936	0.915	0.064 (0.058–0.070)
Two-factor model	337.406	26	0.036	0.941	0.918	0.063 (0.057–0.069)
Bifactor model	n/a
Women
One-factor model	202.791	27	0.038	0.936	0.915	0.064 (0.056–0.072)
Two-factor model	185.360	26	0.037	0.942	0.920	0.062 (0.054–0.071)
Bifactor model	129.692	19	0.031	0.960	0.924	0.060 (0.051–0.071)
Men
One-factor model	235.487	27	0.045	0.915	0.886	0.072 (0.064–0.081)
Two-factor model	227.828	26	0.045	0.917	0.886	0.073 (0.064–0.081)
Bifactor model	76.945	18	0.024	0.976	0.952	0.047 (0.037–0.058)
	Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)
	χ ²	df	SRMR	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
All
One-factor model	373.300	27	0.043	0.922	0.896	0.087 (0.079–0.095)
Two-factor model	328.096	26	0.043	0.932	0.906	0.082 (0.075–0.091)
Bifactor model	n/a
Women
One-factor model	198.394	27	0.042	0.936	0.914	0.083 (0.073–0.094)
Two-factor model	171.308	26	0.041	0.945	0.924	0.078 (0.067–0.089)
Bifactor model	128.354	19	0.037	0.959	0.922	0.079 (0.067–0.092)
Men
One-factor model	200.452	27	0.054	0.880	0.840	0.095 (0.084–0.107)
Two-factor model	181.152	26	0.054	0.893	0.852	0.091 (0.080–0.104)
Bifactor model	81.994	18	0.034	0.960	0.920	0.067 (0.053–0.082)

Note: df degrees of freedom, SRMR standardized root mean square residual, CFI comparative-fit-index, TLI Tucker-Lewis-index, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation, n/a The bifactor model did not converge

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ISSN: 1471-244X

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