Table 4 Characteristics of patients by region (2016)
From: Consultation-liaison psychiatry in Japan: a nationwide retrospective observational study
Variables | Hokkaido | Tohoku | Kanto | Chubu | Kinki | Chugoku | Shikoku | Kyushu-Okinawa | p value | Cramer’s V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 939 | 641 | 6138 | 1512 | 4561 | 774 | 411 | 2088 | Â | Â |
Age group (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | 0.097 |
 0–29 | 42 (4.5) | 12 (1.9) | 291 (4.7) | 41 (2.7) | 128 (2.8) | 16 (2.1) | 5 (1.2) | 127 (6.1) |  |  |
 30–49 | 116 (12.4) | 45 (7.0) | 873 (14.2) | 149 (9.9) | 417 (9.1) | 76 (9.8) | 37 (9.0) | 306 (14.7) |  |  |
 50–64 | 159 (16.9) | 77 (12.0) | 1070 (17.4) | 191 (12.6) | 522 (11.4) | 98 (12.7) | 61 (14.8) | 378 (18.1) |  |  |
 65–74 | 228 (24.3) | 103 (16.1) | 1275 (20.8) | 274 (18.1) | 942 (20.7) | 153 (19.8) | 87 (21.2) | 465 (22.3) |  |  |
 75–84 | 283 (30.1) | 212 (33.1) | 1724 (28.1) | 480 (31.7) | 1469 (32.2) | 260 (33.6) | 128 (31.1) | 505 (24.2) |  |  |
 85+ | 111 (11.8) | 192 (30.0) | 905 (14.7) | 377 (24.9) | 1083 (23.7) | 171 (22.1) | 93 (22.6) | 307 (14.7) |  |  |
Sex (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 | 0.032 |
 Male | 506 (53.9) | 329 (51.3) | 3346 (54.5) | 784 (51.9) | 2327 (51.0) | 394 (50.9) | 234 (56.9) | 1095 (52.4) |  |  |
 Female | 433 (46.1) | 312 (48.7) | 2792 (45.5) | 728 (48.1) | 2234 (49.0) | 380 (49.1) | 177 (43.1) | 993 (47.6) |  |  |
Admission setting (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | 0.163 |
 Planned | 442 (47.1) | 100 (15.6) | 2157 (35.1) | 336 (22.2) | 1445 (31.7) | 253 (32.7) | 66 (16.1) | 698 (33.4) |  |  |
 Unplanned or Urgent | 497 (52.9) | 541 (84.4) | 3981 (64.9) | 1176 (77.8) | 3116 (68.3) | 521 (67.3) | 345 (83.9) | 1390 (66.6) |  |  |
Discharge setting (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | 0.127 |
 Outpatients follow up | 600 (63.9) | 302 (47.1) | 3648 (59.4) | 746 (49.3) | 2390 (52.4) | 363 (46.9) | 133 (32.4) | 918 (44.0) |  |  |
 Transfer to other hospitals | 248 (26.4) | 203 (31.7) | 1586 (25.8) | 449 (29.7) | 1324 (29.0) | 278 (35.9) | 232 (56.4) | 918 (44.0) |  |  |
 Transfer to other welfare facilities | 15 (1.6) | 61 (9.5) | 247 (4.0) | 137 (9.1) | 277 (6.1) | 33 (4.3) | 22 (5.4) | 84 (4.0) |  |  |
 Others | 76 (8.1) | 75 (11.7) | 657 (10.7) | 180 (11.9) | 570 (12.5) | 100 (12.9) | 24 (5.8) | 168 (8.0) |  |  |
Discharge outcome |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | 0.077 |
 Treated | 812 (86.5) | 539 (84.1) | 4817 (78.5) | 1242 (82.1) | 3824 (83.8) | 639 (82.6) | 373 (90.8) | 1779 (85.2) |  |  |
 Unchanged or worsened | 35 (3.7) | 34 (5.3) | 555 (9.0) | 95 (6.3) | 239 (5.2) | 46 (5.9) | 15 (3.6) | 105 (5.0) |  |  |
 Death | 69 (7.3) | 68 (10.6) | 568 (9.3) | 153 (10.1) | 399 (8.7) | 85 (11.0) | 23 (5.6) | 140 (6.7) |  |  |
 Other | 23 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 198 (3.2) | 22 (1.5) | 99 (2.2) | 4 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 64 (3.1) |  |  |
Length of stay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | 0.044 |
 2–17 days | 297 (31.6) | 134 (20.9) | 1650 (26.9) | 358 (23.7) | 1380 (30.3) | 205 (26.5) | 119 (29.0) | 611 (29.3) |  |  |
 18–30 days | 233 (24.8) | 150 (23.4) | 1452 (23.7) | 397 (26.3) | 1217 (26.7) | 220 (25.8) | 125 (30.4) | 556 (26.6) |  |  |
 31–54 days | 189 (20.1) | 173 (27.0) | 1539 (25.1) | 409 (27.1) | 1093 (24.0) | 221 (28.6) | 87 (21.1) | 500 (23.9) |  |  |
 55 days and over | 220 (23.4) | 184 (28.7) | 1497 (24.4) | 348 (23.0) | 871 (19.1) | 148 (19.1) | 80 (19.5) | 421 (20.2) |  |  |
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry per patient (mean (sd)) | 2.95 (2.83) | 2.93 (2.63) | 2.98 (2.89) | 2.76 (2.46) | 2.64 (2.54) | 2.59 (2.25) | 2.25 (1.90) | 2.78 (3.22) | < 0.001 |  |