Table 3 Hierarchical regression analysis predicting depression

 Has anyone in your family been infected with COVID-19?^a

−1.56

0.42

−0.05

−3.71*

 Have you had a COVID-19 detection test?^a

−0.44

0.28

−0.02

−1.60

 COVID-19 test results^b

0.32

0.43

0.01

0.75

 Have you had a fear that COVID-19 could infect you?^a

−1.33

0.18

−0.10

−7.38*

 Is the pandemic affecting your family income?^a

0.86

0.19

0.06

4.42*

 Has anyone in your family lost their job during the pandemic?^a

−1.10

0.22

−0.07

−4.94*

 Has there been a scarcity of food for your family during the pandemic?^a

−0.88

0.20

−0.06

−4.37*

 Using handkerchief/tissue during sneezing or coughing^a

−0.33

0.28

−0.02

−1.20

 Sniffing the nose by the fold of elbows while sneezing and coughing^a

−0.61

0.26

−0.03

−2.33

 Discharging cough/sputum in a proper place^a

2.10

0.27

0.12

7.78*

 Washing hands with soaps or other cleaners^a

1.65

0.37

0.07

4.49*

 Using a face mask while outside^a

−0.81

0.45

−0.03

−1.80

 Discharging tissue in a proper place^a

−0.25

0.38

−0.01

−0.66

 Maintaining spatial distance^a

0.72

0.41

0.03

1.74

 Maintaining hygiene^a

−0.19

0.35

−0.01

− 0.55

 Sleeping hours^c

−0.93

0.10

−0.12

−9.28*

 Smoking status^a

−0.17

0.22

−0.01

−0.77

 Internet using hours^d

0.70

0.09

0.11

8.09*

 Playing videogames^a

−0.80

0.18

−0.06

−4.44*

 Engaging in online communication (chat, video calling)^a

−0.06

0.19

0.00

−0.30

 Studying^a

1.05

0.17

0.08

6.14*

 Engaging in physical exercise^a

0.53

0.18

0.04

2.94

 Doing household chores^a

−0.41

0.23

−0.03

−1.81

 Spending time talking with family members^a

0.75

0.29

0.04

2.63

 Suicidal ideation^a

−3.63

0.31

−0.16

−11.92*

 Past suicidal thoughts^a

−2.36

0.29

−0.12

−8.09*

 Suicidal attempt history^a

−1.00

0.34

−0.04

−2.92

 Family suicide history^a

0.39

0.39

0.01

1.01