A systematic review and meta-analysis of group peer support interventions for people experiencing mental health conditions

Table 2 Results of the main analysis

Outcome	Number of trials	N	SMD (95% CI), p-value	Heterogeneity, I²; Chi,² df	Duration of follow-up, post end of treatment
Post-intervention
Recovery [52, 55, 56, 58, 62]	5	1265	0.18 (0.07 to 0.29), p = 0.002	I² = 0%; Chi² = 4.01, df = 4
Hope [53, 56, 58]	3	1029	MD = 0.18 (− 0.34 to 0.69), p = 0.50	I² = 0%; Chi² = 1.68, df = 2
Empowerment [57, 58, 61, 62]	4	750	0.17 (− 0.07 to 0.40), p = 0.17	I² = 55%; Chi² = 6.67, df = 3
Global symptoms [52, 54, 58]	3	823	−0.13 (− 0.27 to 0.01), p = 0.07	I² = 0%; Chi² = 1.11, df = 2
Depression [52, 55, 58, 62]	4	929	−0.09 (− 0.22 to 0.04), p = 0.18	I² = 0%; Chi² = 0.99, df = 3
Follow-up
Recovery [52, 55, 56, 62]	4	983	0.21 (0.08 to 0.34), p = 0.002	I² = 5%; Chi² = 3.16, df = 3	3 to 6 months
Empowerment [57, 61, 62]	3	487	0.13 (−0.05 to 0.31), p = 0.14	I² = 0%; Chi² = 0.37, df = 2	3 weeks to 6 months
Depression [52, 55, 62]	3	674	−0.12 (− 0.27 to 0.03), p = 0.11	I² = 0%; Chi² = 0.95, df = 2	3 to 6 months

Means and Standard Deviations for TAU and clinician-led comparator group were combined for Eisen 2012. MD Mean Difference, SMD Standardised Mean difference, CI confidence interval, SMDs are reported unless stated otherwise, N number of participants providing outcome data, df degrees of freedom

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