Skip to main content

Table 1 Demographic, perioperative, and ADHD-related characteristics of the sample

From: ADHD symptomatology of children with congenital heart disease 10 years after cardiac surgery: the role of age at operation

 

Control group (N = 53)

Surgically treated (N = 80)

Test statistica

p

Effect size

under 3 years of age (N = 54)

at / above 3 years of age (N = 26)

Mean/N

SD/%

Mean/N

SD/%

Mean/N

SD/%

Age at survey (years)

11.79

3.65

11.37

3.06

14.58

3.42

F = 8.44

< 0.001

η2 = 0.113

Sex (N)

      

χ2 = 0.51

0.774

Cramer’s V = 0.062

 Male

24

45.28

26

48.1

14

53.8

 Female

29

54.71

28

51.8

12

46.2

YSRAD

2.49

2.18

2.72

2.41

4.31

3.73

F = 4.463

0.013

η2 = 0.064

CBCLAD

2.02

2.36

2.33

3.05

3.38

3.79

F = 1.89

0.156

η2 = 0.028

Diagnosable severity of ADHD symptomatology based on CBCLAD (N)

2

3.77

3

5.88

3

12.00

χ2 = 1.99

0.370

Cramer’s V = 0.124

ADHD RSIA

2.83

3.34

2.96

4.28

7.73

8.30

F = 9.716

< 0.001

η2 = 0.130

ADHD RSHI

2.72

3.14

2.61

4.17

6.62

7.34

F = 7.640

0.001

η2 = 0.105

ADHD RSTOT

5.68

5.95

5.57

8.29

13.65

14.94

F = 7.92

0.001

η2 = 0.109

Diagnosable severity of ADHD symptomatology based on ADHD RSTOT (N)

0

0.00

3

5.56

6

23.08

χ2 = 14.94

0.001

Cramer’s V = 0.335

Cardiology ICU stay (days)

n/a

6.01

4.955

5.53

4.87

t = 0.40

0.694

d = 0.096

Hospital stay (days)

n/a

19.87

12.34

15.58

6.28

t = 1.98

0.051

d = 0.438

Operation time (min)

n/a

207.86

86.41

203.80

82.14

t = 0.20

0.846

d = 0.048

ECC time (min)

n/a

106.94

51.89

103.80

70.11

t = 0.22

0.829

d = 0.005

Aortic cross-clamp time (min)

n/a

56.00

36.27

60.67

53.13

t = −0.40

0.692

d = −0.102

RACHS

n/a

2.78

0.90

2.77

1.37

t = 0.033

0.973

d = −0.008

Mechanical ventilation time (hours)

n/a

63.45

70.15

38.25

98.28

t = 1.26

0.212

d = 0.295

Number of operations

n/a

2.15

1.12

1.42

0.8

t = 3.293

0.002

d = 0.747

Cyanotic malformation (N)

n/a

37

68.51

6

23.07

χ2 = 14.58

< 0.001

Cramer’s V = 0.427

  1. Mean/N: mean is reported for continuous and frequency for categorical variables
  2. SD/%: standard deviation is reported for continuous and percentage for categorical variables
  3. a The comparisons involved all three groups regarding the sociodemographic and ADHD-related variables, while the two surgically treated subgroups only regarding the perioperative variables
  4. YSRAD Youth Self Report Attention Disorders Subscale, CBCLAD Child Behaviour Checklist Attention Disorders Subscale, ADHD RSIA ADHD Rating Scale–IV Inattention Subscale, ADHD RSHI ADHD Rating Scale–IV Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Subscale, ADHD RSTOT ADHD Rating Scale–IV Total Score, ICU intensive care unit, ECC extracorporeal circulation, RACHS Risk Assessment for Congenital Heart Surgery Score