Table 5 Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis of Depression Scores during the COVID19 Pandemic

(Constant)

0.320 (0.255 to 0.385)

9.652

< 0.001

Gender = Female

1953 (64.40)

0.062 (0.041 to 0.083)

0.081

5.814

< 0.001

Age (years)

−0.001 (−0.002 to 0.000)

−0.041

−2.896

0.004

Had contact with suspected or confirmed a COVID-19 case = Yes/Unsure

967 (31.89)

0.033 (0.012 to 0.054)

0.043

3.128

0.002

History of depressive disorders = Yes

317 (10.46)

0.094 (0.060 to 0.127)

0.078

5.525

< 0.001

History of trauma and stress-related disorders = Yes

36 (1.19)

0.061 (−0.028 to 0.151)

0.018

1.340

0.180

History of sleep disorders = Yes

95 (3.13)

−0.083 (− 0.140 to − 0.026)

−0.040

−2.863

0.004

Believes anosmia is a COVID-19 symptom = Yes

1045 (34.47)

0.027 (0.007 to 0.048)

0.035

2.621

0.009

Believes wearing medical gloves prevents the spread of COVID-19 = Yes

1562 (51.52)

− 0.023 (− 0.042 to − 0.003)

−0.031

−2.230

0.026

Believes using tissues when sneezing prevents the spread of COVID-19 = Yes

2594 (85.55)

−0.017 (− 0.045 to 0.011)

−0.016

−1.180

0.238

Believes there is a treatment for COVID-19 = No

1765 (58.21)

0.021 (0.001 to 0.040)

0.028

2.062

0.039

Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)

0.017 (0.015 to 0.019)

0.288

17.936

< 0.001

Intolerance of Uncertainty Scores (IUS)

0.010 (0.008 to 0.011)

0.274

16.818

< 0.001

Problem-based coping composite score (Brief COPE)

−0.039 (−0.047 to − 0.030)

−0.140

−9.267

< 0.001

Emotion-based coping composite score (Brief COPE)

0.100 (0.087 to 0.114)

0.247

14.502

< 0.001