Hope level and associated factors among parents of retinoblastoma patients during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Demographic characteristics of RB patients with different hope scores (N = 317)

Characteristics	N (%)	hope score \( \left(\overline{\boldsymbol{x}}\pm \boldsymbol{s}\right) \)	F-value /t-value	P-value
Age, years
≤ 2	60(18.93)	35.82 ± 4.15	0.337^*	0.799
> 2,≤3	90(28.39)	35.09 ± 3.57
> 3,≤5	117(35.91)	35.30 ± 4.85
> 5	50(15.78)	35.44 ± 5.10
Sex
Male	167(52.68)	35.06 ± 4.94	−1.294^#	0.197^C
Female	150(47.32)	35.69 ± 3.74
Time since diagnosis, months
≤ 6	44(13.88)	36.02 ± 4.72	0.930^*	0.447
> 6,≤12	65(20.50)	35.09 ± 4.06
> 12,≤24	102(32.18)	35.65 ± 4.29
> 24,≤36	75(23.66)	35.28 ± 4.40
> 36	31(9.78)	34.23 ± 5.14
Ocular disease
Monoculus	225(70.98)	35.52 ± 4.27	−2.303^#	0.022^C
Binoculus	92(29.02)	34.97 ± 4.76
Tumor stage at diagnosis^a
A/B/C	15(4.73)	35.80 ± 3.12	0.580^*	0.629
D	132(41.64)	35.43 ± 4.38
E	156(49.21)	35.14 ± 4.55
Extraocular	14(4.42)	36.64 ± 4.60
Treatment types ^b
≤ 4	131(41.32)	34.90 ± 4.61	2.972^*	0.053
4–6	158(49.84)	35.94 ± 4.36
> 6	28(8.84)	34.25 ± 3.42
Times of hospitalizations
≤ 6	110(34.70)	35.36 ± 4.26	1.650^*	0.194
6–10	94(29.65)	35.97 ± 4.31
> 10	113(35.65)	34.85 ± 4.64
Disease state
Under treatment	108(34.07)	34.72 ± 4.09	1.711^*	0.182
Under reexamine	206(64.98)	35.69 ± 4.59
Had cured	3(0.95)	35.60 ± 7.58

Note. N Number; * = F value; # = t value; Bold face p < 0.05.
^aintraocular retinoblastoma was classified by the International Classification of Retinoblastoma as group A; group B; group C; group D; and group E.
^bthe sum of the treatment types methods (such as intravenous chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, examination under anesthesia, enucleation, intracameral chemotherapy, intravitreal chemotherapy, cataract surgery, onsolidation therapies, pars plana vitrectomy, anti-neovasculariztion therapy, and cradiation-based therapies) that have been used so far.
^CP-values calculated from Independent sample t-test; all other P-values were obtained by using the One-way ANOVA test.

ISSN: 1471-244X