Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants in TD and ASD groups
From: Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder: a multicenter survey
Variable | TD(N = 1158), Median (IQR)/N(%) | ASD(N = 1310), Median (IQR)/N(%) | Z/χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 4.44 (3.42–5.39) | 3.95 (3.13–4.88) | − 6.667 | <0.001 |
Gender, N (%) | ||||
Female | 393 (33.9) | 233 (17.8) | 84.701 | <0.001 |
Male | 765 (66.1) | 1077 (82.2) | ||
Region | ||||
North | 422 (36.4) | 376 (28.7) | 34.978 | <0.001 |
South | 234 (20.2) | 291 (22.2) | ||
West | 190 (16.4) | 319 (24.4) | ||
East | 158 (13.6) | 144 (11) | ||
Middle | 154 (13.3) | 180 (13.7) | ||
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1020 (88.1) | 893 (68.2) | 143.721 | <0.001 |
Rural | 108 (9.3) | 248 (21.7) | ||
Miss | 30 (2.6) | 133 (10.2) | ||
Paternal education level | ||||
Primary education | 7 (0.6) | 22 (1.7) | 45.714 | <0.001 |
Secondary education | 323 (27.9) | 516 (39.4) | ||
Secondary education above | 812 (70.1) | 752 (57.4) | ||
Miss | 16 (1.4) | 20 (1.5) | ||
Maternal education level | ||||
Primary education | 14 (1.2) | 33 (2.5) | 106.887 | <0.001 |
Secondary education | 294 (25.4) | 579 (44.2) | ||
Secondary education above | 840 (72.5) | 688 (52.5) | ||
Miss | 10 (0.9) | 10 (0.8) | ||
Annual family income, RMBa | ||||
< 40,000 | 380 (32.8) | 726 (55.4) | 152.34 | <0.001 |
40,000–200,000 | 490 (42.3) | 439 (33.5) | ||
> 200,000 | 207 (17.9) | 92 (7) | ||
Miss | 81 (7) | 53 (4) | ||