Table 1 Demographic characteristics and clinical features of participants

Age (years)

48.68 ± 11.71

37.10 ± 11.57

< 0.001*

47.84 ± 13.78

33.90 ± 10.97

< 0.001*

BMI (kg/m²)

24.57 ± 3.66

24.76 ± 3.92

0.749

24.25 ± 3.77

24.72 ± 4.34

0.53

Education (years)

9.70 ± 3.12

12.76 ± 3.06

< 0.001*

9.74 ± 3.86

13.21 ± 2.60

< 0.001*

Hypertension (yes/no)

30/189

0/49

0.002*

8/140

2/37

1.000

Diabetes mellitus (yes/no)

19/200

3/46

0.764

8/140

0/39

0.208

Total disease duration (months)

264.68 ± 142.16

157.12 ± 135.05

< 0.001*

232.57 ± 167.08

122.20 ± 111.92

< 0.001*

Total PANSS score

61.52 ± 17.54

61.00 ± 19.45

0.672

69.72 ± 18.91

55.31 ± 16.318

< 0.001*

TBIL (μmol/L)

11.02 ± 4.77

14.98 ± 8.75

0.001*

10.68 ± 4.22

9.96 ± 6.04

0.054

TC (mmol/L)

4.46 ± 0.90

4.59 ± 0.81

0.095

4.54 ± 0.89

4.68 ± 1.36

0.696

TG (mmol/L)

1.65 ± 1.24

1.74 ± 1.11

0.467

1.43 ± 0.92

2.08 ± 5.14

0.634

LDL (mmol/L)

2.82 ± 0.76

2.98 ± 0.84

0.169

2.74 ± 1.05

2.58 ± 0.75

0.351

HDL (mmol/L)

1.04 ± 0.26

1.29 ± 1.33

0.046*

1.32 ± 0.40

1.36 ± 0.27

0.220

Mean chlorpromazine equivalent (mg)

628.08 ± 379.8

578.97 ± 314.36

0.528

645.08 ± 378.02

614.42 ± 308.44

0.821