Table 2 Descriptive statistics among 340 MSM and TGW in Nepal (RDS-weighted values)
Characteristics | MSM (n = 201, 77%) n (%) | TGW (n = 139, 23%) n (%) | Total n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | |||
 Age | |||
   ≤ 30 | 133 (66) | 67 (48) | 200 (59) |
   > 30 | 68 (34) | 72 (52) | 140 (41) |
 Education | |||
  Illiterate | 16 (6) | 19 (11) | 35 (7) |
  Literate | 168 (86) | 104 (76) | 272 (84) |
  Literate without formal education | 17 (8) | 16 (13) | 33 (9) |
 Gender identity | |||
  Third gender | 38 (13) | 99 (63) | 137 (24) |
  Female | 0 (0) | 28 (20) | 28 (4) |
  Male | 163 (87) | 12 (17) | 175 (72) |
 Marital status | |||
  Married | 75 (28) | 52 (34) | 127 (29) |
  Not married | 126 (72) | 87 (66) | 213 (71) |
 Main profession | |||
  Student | 60 (40) | 3 (6) | 63 (33) |
  Driver | 9 (4) | 0 (0) | 9 (3) |
  Civil servant | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | 6 (2) |
  Businessman | 17 (6) | 19 (11) | 36 (7) |
  Private company staff | 23 (8) | 16 (12) | 39 (11) |
  Laborer/wage labor | 54 (28) | 22 (21) | 76 (24) |
  Artist | 5 (2) | 23 (11) | 28 (5) |
  Farmer | 11 (4) | 11 (14) | 22 (6) |
  Sex worker | 8 (2) | 34 (15) | 42 (4) |
  Unemployed | 8 (3) | 11 (10) | 19 (5) |
 Sex work past 12 months | |||
  Yes | 25 (6) | 87 (51) | 112 (16) |
  No | 176 (94) | 52 (49) | 228 (84) |
 Income in NPR | |||
  No income | 29 (19) | 6 (8) | 35 (17) |
   < 10,000 | 31 (13) | 28 (28) | 59 (17) |
  10,000–19,999 | 64 (27) | 53 (33) | 117 (28) |
  20,000–29,999 | 18 (9) | 22 (15) | 40 (10) |
   ≥ 30,000 | 24 (9) | 23 (8) | 47 (9) |
Structural factors | |||
 Cross-border movement for sexual activity | |||
  Yes | 45 (13) | 42 (20) | 87 (15) |
  No | 156 (87) | 97 (80) | 253 (85) |
Experience of violence based on sexual orientation | |||
 Physical abuse | |||
  Yes | 6 (1) | 19 (8) | 25 (3) |
  No | 195 (99) | 120 (92) | 315 (97) |
 Forced sex | |||
  Yes | 8 (1) | 31 (1) | 39 (4) |
  No | 193 (99) | 108 (99) | 301 (96) |
 Cheated or threatened | |||
  Yes | 22 (7) | 40 (7) | 62 (9) |
  No | 179 (93) | 99 (93) | 278 (91) |
Discrimination based on sexual orientation in different settings | |||
 At school | |||
  Yes | 32 (11) | 52 (27) | 84 (15) |
  No | 169 (89) | 87 (73) | 256 (85) |
 Job hunting | |||
  Yes | 12 (2) | 25 (12) | 37 (4) |
  No | 189 (98) | 114 (88) | 303 (96) |
 At work | |||
  Yes | 23 (6) | 57 (29) | 80 (11) |
  No | 178 (94) | 82 (71) | 260 (89) |
 Getting housing | |||
  Yes | 5 (1) | 27 (12) | 32 (3) |
  No | 196 (99) | 112 (88) | 308 (97) |
 Medical care | |||
  Yes | 7 (1) | 97 (22) | 49 (6) |
  No | 194 (99) | 42 (78) | 291 (94) |
 Service in store or restaurant | |||
  Yes | 22 (6) | 62 (33) | 84 (12) |
  No | 179 (94) | 77 (67) | 256 (88) |
 On the street or in a public setting | |||
  Yes | 28 (7) | 87 (54) | 115 (16) |
  No | 173 (93) | 52 (46) | 225 (84) |
 From police or other security personnel | |||
  Yes | 24 (7) | 58 (26) | 82 (11) |
  No | 177 (93) | 81 (74) | 258 (89) |
 Number of settings in past 12 months | |||
  None | 139 (81) | 31 (38) | 170 (71) |
  1 setting or more | 62 (19) | 108 (62) | 170 (29) |
Social factors | |||
 Forced marriage with a female | |||
  Yes | 69 (26) | 81 (53) | 150 (32) |
  No | 132 (74) | 58 (47) | 190 (68) |
 Evicted by family based on sexual orientation | |||
  Yes | 14 (2) | 46 (22) | 60 (7) |
  No | 187 (98) | 93 (78) | 280 (93) |
 Family acceptance of sexual orientation | |||
  Yes | 37 (13) | 55 (26) | 92 (16) |
  No | 164 (87) | 84 (74) | 248 (84) |
Psychosocial factors | |||
 Depression (CESD-R) | |||
  Euthymic | 81 (46) | 31 (27) | 112 (41) |
  Distress | 63 (34) | 45 (34) | 108 (34) |
  Severe depression | 57 (20) | 63 (41) | 120 (25) |
 Lifetime prevalence of suicidal thoughts | |||
  Yes | 20 (5) | 58 (32) | 78 (11) |
  No | 181 (95) | 81 (68) | 262 (89) |
 Suicidal thoughts past 12 months | |||
  Once or twice | 12 (79) | 14 (14) | 26 (36) |
  A few times | 4 (8) | 23 (53) | 27 (38) |
  Many times | 3 (8) | 21 (33) | 24 (36) |
  No response | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
 Lifetime prevalence of suicidal plans | |||
  Yes | 9 (26) | 38 (51) | 47 (43) |
  No | 11 (74) | 20 (49) | 31 (57) |
 Lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide | |||
  Yes | 6 (15) | 26 (28) | 32 (23) |
  No | 14 (85) | 32 (72) | 46 (77) |
 Alcohol consumption past 4 weeks | |||
  None | 86 (41) | 73 (61) | 159 (46) |
  At least once a week | 109 (56) | 54 (34) | 163 (51) |
  Every day | 6 (3) | 12 (5) | 18 (4) |
 Drug abuse past 12 months | |||
  Yes | 25 (8) | 7 (1) | 32 (7) |
  No | 176 (92) | 132 (99) | 308 (93) |