Table 4 Depression self-management skills included in the interventions
|  | Barley et al. (2014) [78] | Boele et al. (2018) [80] | Espahbodi et al. (2015) [82] | Lamers et al. (2010) [86] | Lee et al. (2014) [88] | Moncrief et al. (2016) [89] | Penckofer et al. (2012) [90] | Rees et al. (2016) | Sharpe et al. (2004) [93], [93] Sharpe et al. (2014) [94], Strong et al. (2008) [95], & Walker et al. (2014)†[97] | Thorton et al. (2009) [96] | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decision-Making Often occurs in the context of problem-solving and is based on having enough and appropriate information to meet common changes associated with chronic illness [25]. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Problem-solving Using a structured approach and learning skills such as problem definition, generating solutions, implementation, and evaluation of results to move towards a solution [25, 29]. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Resource Utilization Learning how to seek out many resources (using different sources) [25]. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Forming Partnerships with HCPs Learning how to provide disease-related feedback to HCPs and make informed treatment decisions and discuss with HCPs [25]. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Taking Action Making a plan and carrying it out, learning skills involved in behaviour change [25]. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
Behavioural Activation Learning to gradually increase positive activities through effective goal setting [29] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Cognitive Restructuring Learning to identify depressive self-talk, challenge it, and come up with fair-realistic ways of evaluating situations [29]. | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Self-Monitoring Monitoring depression symptoms and evaluating whether current strategies are working effectively and, when necessary, reassessing treatment plans [63]. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Health Habits Learning about the links between health habits (e.g., sleep, diet) and mental health. Learning how to enact helpful health related habits [64, 65]. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Communicating about Depression Learning to explain what it means to experience depression to family members, friends, and colleagues [117]. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Social Support Arranging instrumental and emotional support [117,118,119]. Involving close friends/family in treatment and support [117, 118]. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
Relaxation Maintaining or developing activities related to relaxation (e.g., meditation, breathing exercises). | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
Self-tailoring Learning to use other self-management skills based on a personal evaluation of your own needs. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
Total | 7 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 5 | Â |