Characteristics of the corpus callosum in chronic schizophrenia treated with clozapine or risperidone and those never-treated

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants

	CT-SCZ, N = 23 Mean ± SD	RT-SCZ, N = 19 Mean ± SD	NT-SCZ, N = 23 Mean ± SD	HCs, N = 35 Mean ± SD	Statistics (ANOVA, t or χ2)	p value	Post-hoc analyses
	CT-SCZ, N = 23 Mean ± SD	RT-SCZ, N = 19 Mean ± SD	NT-SCZ, N = 23 Mean ± SD	HCs, N = 35 Mean ± SD	Statistics (ANOVA, t or χ2)	p value	NT-SCZ vs. HCs	NT-SCZ vs. RT- SCZ	NT-SCZ vs. CT-SCZ	RT-SCZ vs. CT- SCZ	RT-SCZ vs. HCs	CT-SCZ vs. HCs
Age (years)	48.96 ± 6.76	43.63 ± 7.83	44.26 ± 13.619	44.29 ± 2.44	2.105	0.105	NS	NS	NS	0.038*	NS	0.036*
Gender (M/F)	14/9	11/8	12/11	13/22	3.918	0.270	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Education (years)	9.43 ± 2.84	10.58 ± 3.37	6.83 ± 4.78	8.01 ± 1.77	5.634	0.001	NS	< 0.001***	0.001**	NS	0.006**	NS
Illness duration (years)	18.34 ± 7.67	14.11 ± 8.43	16.44 ± 10.88	–	1.114	0.345	–	NS	NS	NS	–	–
PANSS score
Total	57.21 ± 11.42	49.44 ± 12.99	92.26 ± 19.53	–	42.681	< 0.001	–	< 0.001***	< 0.001***	NS	–	–
Positive symptoms	10.79 ± 3.09	9.61 ± 2.91	23.09 ± 6.61	–	47.737	< 0.001	–	< 0.001***	< 0.001***	NS	–	–
Negative symptoms	18.79 ± 5.59	14.83 ± 5.92	25.57 ± 9.59	–	10.374	< 0.001	–	< 0.001***	< 0.001***	NS	–	–
General psychopathological symptoms	27.64 ± 5.32	24.83 ± 5.59	43.61 ± 8.47	–	43.858	< 0.001	–	< 0.001***	< 0.001***	NS	–	–
Chlorpromazine equivalents (mg/day)	233.99 ± 101.62	316.25 ± 115.46	–	–	2.455	0.019	–	–	–	–	–	–
Total Intracranial Volume (TIV) (cm ³)	1431.73 ± 159.18	1442.26 ± 175.39	1401.05 ± 132.88	1394.01 ± 224.44	0.401	0.753	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Note: ANOVA analysis of variance, CT-SCZ clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients, RT-SCZ risperidone-treated schizophrenia patients, NT-SCZ never-treated schizophrenia patients, HCs healthy controls, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, NS not significant, *, Significant group difference at P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001

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