The new frontline: exploring the links between moral distress, moral resilience and mental health in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 1 Sample characteristics

	n	Mean/ Fr	SD/ %
Time elapsed since the pandemic began (days)	962	65.6	29.9
General Demographics
Age (years)	962	44.6	12.8
Biological sex (Females)	962	850	88.4%
Ethnicity (Caucasian)	575	492	85.6%
Usual number of work hours per week	881	36.5	12.2
Contact with COVID-19 Patients (vs none)	915	291	31.8%
Total Family Income (> 100 K)	580	386	66.6%
Has underage children (vs none)	939	282	30.0%
Current province/territory	866
Ontario		641	74.0%
Quebec		196	22.6%
Northwest Territories		10	1.2%
Manitoba		7	0.8%
British Columbia		6	0.7%
Alberta		2	0.2%
Saskatchewan		2	0.2%
Nova Scotia		1	0.1%
Nunavut		1	0.1%
Psychological Factors
History of mental disorder diagnosis (vs none)	930	305	32.8%
Current mental disorder diagnosis (vs none)	915	195	21.3%
Previously exposed to major stressor (vs not)^a	934	424	45.4%
Work-related factors
Contact with COVID-19 patients (vs not)	962	630	65.5%
Reallocated a different unit/discipline since pandemic	962	192	20.0%
Shift work (vs none)	909	261	28.7%
HCW type	962
Nurse		270	28.1%
Allied Mental Health Specialist		214	22.2%
Other Allied Health^b		189	19.6%
Physician		163	16.9%
Administrator		126	13.1%
Discipline	355
Psychiatry		40	11.3%
Cardiology/Thoracic Surgery^c		25	7.0%
Emergency Medicine		25	7.0%
Geriatrics		24	6.8%
Other^d		21	6.0%
Critical Care Medicine		19	5.4%
Pediatrics		19	5.4%
General Internal Medicine		16	4.5%
Diagnostics^e		14	4.1%
Family Medicine		14	3.9%
Obstetrics/ Gynecology		12	3.4%
Public Health and Preventive Medicine		12	3.4%
Oncology		10	2.8%
Nephrology		8	2.3%
Respiratory Medicine/ Respirology		5	1.4%
Neurosurgery		4	1.1%
Other^f		87	24.5%

Means, standard deviation (SD), frequencies (Fr), and percentages (%) of main demographic variables for the global sample.
^aRefers to a natural disaster, fire/ explosion, transport accident, physical or sexual assault, combat/ exposure to a war zone, life-threatening illness, or injury.
^bOther Allied Health: e.g. pharmacist, respiratory therapist, medical radiation technologist, physiotherapist.
^cCardiology/Thoracic Surgery: Cardiology (n=20, 5.6%), Cardiovascular/Thoracic Surgery (n=5, 1.4%).
^dOther: Anesthesiology (n=3, 0.8%), Gastroenterology (n=2, 0.6%), Ophthalmology (n=2, 0.6%), Orthopedic Surgery (n=3, 0.8%), Otolaryngology (n=1, 0.3%), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (n=2, 0.6%), Plastic Surgery (n=2, 0.6%), Radiation Oncology (n=2, 0.6%), Rheumatology (n=3, 0.8%), Urology (n=1, 0.3%)
^eDiagnostics: Anatomical Pathology (n= 2, 0.6%), Diagnostic Radiology (n=1, 0.3%), Endocrinology/ Metabolism (n=2, 0.6%), General/ Clinical Pathology (n=1, 0.3%), Hematology (n=4, 1.1%), Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (n=2, 0.6%), Nuclear Medicine (n=2, 0.6%).
^fOther: e.g. long-term care, palliative care, general surgery, float nurse.

ISSN: 1471-244X