Table 1 Distribution of IPV, and associations with selected variables of women aged 15–49 years, MICS 2019
From: Prevalence and determinants of wife-beating in Bangladesh: evidence from a nationwide survey
Characteristics | Women (15–49 years) who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife (%) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban (n = 13,033) | Rural (n = 51,344) | |||||||||||
If she goes out without telling him | If she neglects the children | If she argues with him | If she refuses sex with him | If she burns the food | For any of these five reasons | If she goes out without telling him | If she neglects the children | If she argues with him | If she refuses sex with him | If she burns the food | For any of these five reasons | |
Age | ||||||||||||
15–19 | 6.9 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 6.7 | 3.8 | 16.8 | 10.2 | 11 | 15.3 | 7.9 | 5.6 | 19.9 |
20–24 | 8.7 | 12.5 | 16.5 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 20.7 | 12.6 | 14 | 19.3 | 8.9 | 5.7 | 24.2 |
25–29 | 10.9 | 13.3 | 17.7 | 8 | 4.8 | 22.7 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 21.6 | 10.2 | 6.4 | 27 |
30–34 | 11.5 | 14.5 | 19.8 | 7.9 | 5.6 | 25.1 | 15.6 | 16.5 | 23.3 | 10.5 | 6.8 | 28.6 |
35–39 | 12.4 | 13.5 | 18.6 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 24.4 | 17.7 | 19.3 | 26 | 11.9 | 8.2 | 30.7 |
40–45 | 12.0 | 13.5 | 19.4 | 9.1 | 6.2 | 24.8 | 17.4 | 18.2 | 25.8 | 12.6 | 7.5 | 30.5 |
45–49 | 12.1 | 14.7 | 19.4 | 10.5 | 7 | 24 | 18.5 | 19.3 | 27 | 12.5 | 9.1 | 31.1 |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Education | ||||||||||||
Pre-primary or none | 19.1 | 21.9 | 29.2 | 14.1 | 10.1 | 35.4 | 22.6 | 24.4 | 32.1 | 16.8 | 12.2 | 36.5 |
Primary | 15.8 | 20.1 | 25.8 | 12.3 | 8.2 | 32.1 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 27.1 | 12.4 | 8.5 | 32.2 |
Secondary | 9.7 | 11.3 | 16 | 6.9 | 4.1 | 21.2 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 19.2 | 8.6 | 5.3 | 24.1 |
Higher secondary + | 3.6 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 11 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 9.7 | 4.4 | 2.6 | 14.2 |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Division | ||||||||||||
Barishal | 8.8 | 10.4 | 14.2 | 6.5 | 2.6 | 20.5 | 12 | 12.8 | 17 | 7.9 | 2.8 | 25 |
Chattogram | 10.7 | 11.5 | 16.3 | 7.8 | 4.4 | 21.4 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 20.4 | 10.7 | 6.3 | 25.3 |
Dhaka | 9.4 | 14.4 | 17.5 | 7.5 | 5.7 | 22.7 | 14.4 | 16.9 | 22.6 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 27.5 |
Khulna | 9.1 | 9.6 | 17 | 6.3 | 3.3 | 21.4 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 18 | 6.9 | 3.2 | 21.6 |
Mymensingh | 10.6 | 12.7 | 20.9 | 11.2 | 9.6 | 26.4 | 8.8 | 11.5 | 21.7 | 11.3 | 8.4 | 24.2 |
Rajshahi | 11.1 | 11.7 | 19.2 | 6.9 | 2.2 | 23.4 | 18.4 | 18.6 | 28.9 | 10.3 | 3.5 | 33.3 |
Rangpur | 17.7 | 20.5 | 21.9 | 12 | 10.3 | 28.7 | 25.1 | 27.4 | 29.8 | 18.7 | 16.9 | 36.8 |
Sylhet | 7.5 | 9 | 11.7 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 13.9 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 14.3 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 16.5 |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Functional Difficulties | ||||||||||||
Yes | 16.8 | 15.9 | 23 | 12.4 | 8.4 | 29.5 | 20.4 | 21.5 | 28.8 | 13 | 8.5 | 35.3 |
No | 10.6 | 13.1 | 17.9 | 7.8 | 5.1 | 22.8 | 15.1 | 16.3 | 22.6 | 10.6 | 6.9 | 27.4 |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.116 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.027 | < 0.001 |
Ethnicity of household head | ||||||||||||
Bengali | 10.3 | 12.6 | 17.3 | 7.8 | 5 | 22.3 | 14.7 | 15.8 | 22.1 | 10.4 | 6.8 | 26.9 |
Other | 11.9 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 23 | 11 | 14.1 | 16.9 | 8.4 | 7 | 20.7 |
p-value | 0.408 | 0.123 | 0.603 | 0.412 | 0.028 | 0.765 | < 0.001 | 0.101 | < 0.001 | 0.029 | 0.783 | < 0.001 |
Age of husband (Years) | ||||||||||||
15–21 | 19.3 | 20.2 | 25.4 | 17.5 | 7.9 | 31.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 21.3 | 11.0 | 7.0 | 27.3 |
22–25 | 14.3 | 17.9 | 21.4 | 11.2 | 6.9 | 26.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 22.0 | 10.4 | 6.1 | 26.7 |
26–30 | 11.5 | 14.9 | 20.7 | 8.6 | 5.4 | 26.2 | 14.2 | 15.3 | 21.5 | 10.1 | 6.5 | 26.4 |
31–35 | 10.2 | 13.6 | 18.4 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 22.5 | 14.0 | 15.5 | 21.4 | 10.0 | 5.9 | 26.4 |
36–40 | 10.9 | 13.4 | 18.5 | 8.0 | 5.5 | 24.1 | 15.7 | 17.2 | 23.6 | 10.5 | 7.3 | 29.2 |
41–45 | 11.7 | 14.3 | 18.6 | 7.4 | 4.5 | 24.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 24.7 | 11.3 | 7.0 | 29.6 |
46 + | 12.3 | 13.8 | 19.4 | 9.0 | 5.8 | 24.8 | 17.8 | 18.8 | 26.1 | 12.0 | 7.9 | 30.6 |
p-value | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.23 | < 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.10 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Wealth Index Quantile | ||||||||||||
Poorest | 21.4 | 23.9 | 31.6 | 14.4 | 9.5 | 37.3 | 19.8 | 21.5 | 28.5 | 13.4 | 9.7 | 34 |
Second | 17.6 | 19.4 | 26.7 | 10.9 | 8.3 | 32.4 | 16.7 | 18.7 | 25.8 | 12.3 | 8.5 | 30.6 |
Middle | 12.7 | 15.4 | 20.2 | 9.4 | 6 | 26.2 | 13.3 | 14.2 | 20.4 | 9.7 | 6 | 25.5 |
Fourth | 10.9 | 12.9 | 18.8 | 8.4 | 5.1 | 24.7 | 10.8 | 11.4 | 16.5 | 7.4 | 4.1 | 20.9 |
Richest | 6.5 | 8.9 | 11.9 | 5.5 | 3.6 | 16 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 11.4 | 5.7 | 3.4 | 14.7 |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Husband has more wives | ||||||||||||
Yes | 11.6 | 22.1 | 27.5 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 33.7 | 21.8 | 23.1 | 30.3 | 14.9 | 10.9 | 37.7 |
No | 11.4 | 13.9 | 19.0 | 8.2 | 5.2 | 24.2 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 23.5 | 10.8 | 6.9 | 28.4 |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.015 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Number of ever born children | ||||||||||||
None | 9.8 | 11.4 | 15.4 | 6.6 | 4.8 | 19.7 | 11.7 | 12.3 | 17.9 | 8.5 | 5.5 | 22.2 |
1–2 | 10.5 | 13.6 | 18.0 | 7.4 | 4.7 | 23.0 | 15.1 | 16.3 | 22.6 | 10.1 | 6.3 | 27.7 |
3–4 | 14.2 | 16.3 | 22.0 | 10.4 | 7.0 | 28.0 | 17.3 | 18.8 | 26.1 | 12.4 | 8.1 | 30.9 |
5–12 | 17.0 | 17.4 | 26.5 | 12.8 | 10.0 | 32.6 | 19.9 | 21.2 | 28.5 | 14.5 | 10.8 | 32.6 |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Wanted last child then | ||||||||||||
Yes | 11.1 | 14.5 | 18.6 | 8.5 | 6.4 | 24.1 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 21.1 | 10.4 | 6.8 | 25.6 |
No | 11.8 | 15.3 | 22.3 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 26.5 | 13.7 | 17.8 | 22.7 | 10.9 | 6.5 | 27.3 |
p-value | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.10 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.85 | 0.008 | 0.145 | 0.59 | 0.68 | 0.13 |
Able to get pregnant | ||||||||||||
Yes | 11.2 | 13.0 | 18.3 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 22.9 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 21.4 | 9.6 | 6.0 | 26.4 |
No | 13.7 | 16.0 | 20.7 | 8.2 | 5.8 | 27.3 | 17.6 | 18.8 | 25.9 | 10.9 | 6.5 | 30.7 |
p-value | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.01 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.27 | < 0.001 |