From: Hip, vertebral, and wrist fracture risks and schizophrenia: a nationwide longitudinal study
Predictive variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Schizophrenia | 1.53 (1.12–2.10) | .01 | 1.40 (1.01–1.95) | .05* |
Age (< 60 = 0, ≥60 = 1) | 6.09 (4.53–8.18) | <.01 | 2.89 (1.98–4.21) | <.01* |
Sex (Female = 1, Male = 0) | 2.18 (1.61–2.95) | <.01 | 1.80 (1.33–2.44) | <.01* |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension | 4.55 (3.38–6.13) | <.01 | 1.89 (1.28–2.79) | <.01* |
 Diabetes mellitus | 3.78 (2.66–5.37) | <.01 | 1.47 (0.96–2.24) | .07 |
 Dyslipidemia | 2.68 (1.87–3.85) | <.01 | 0.89 (0.58–1.36) | .59 |
 Coronary artery disease | 12.18 (6.00–24.73) | <.01 | 3.62 (1.71–7.67) | <.01* |
 Congestive heart failure | 5.79 (3.15–10.64) | <.01 | 1.06 (0.54–2.09) | .86 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 2.49 (1.35–4.57) | .01 | 0.65 (0.34–1.24) | .19 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 3.03 (2.11–4.35) | <.01 | 1.33 (0.89–1.99) | .17 |
 Osteoarthritis | 3.80 (2.76–5.25) | <.01 | 1.71 (1.18–2.48) | <.01* |
 Malignancy | 2.09 (0.52–8.41) | .30 |  |  |
Degree of urbanization | ||||
 Urban | Reference |  |  |  |
 Suburban | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | .41 |  |  |
 Rural | 1.47 (0.92–2.34) | .11 |  |  |
Income group | ||||
 Low income | Reference |  | Reference |  |
 Medium income | 0.70 (0.52–0.95) | .02 | 0.88 (0.64–1.20) | .41 |
 High income | 0.30 (0.17–0.55) | <.01 | 0.56 (0.30–1.03) | .06 |