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Table 4 Three-year total weighted costs ($) associated with adequacy of mental health care in older adults with an anxiety disorder or depression

From: Health care system and patient costs associated with receipt of minimally adequate treatment for depression and anxiety disorders in older adults

 

Mean cost unadjusted

n = 338

Wald χ2

p-value

Mean cost adjusted

n = 338a

Wald χ2

p-value

Receipt of minimally adequate care

Receipt of minimally adequate care

Yes

No

Yes

No

Health system perspective

 Emergency department (ED) visits

1011

610

9.655

0.002

985

528

10.859

0.001

 Inpatient

  Hospitalization stay – Mental health

2412

1327

6.185

0.013

969

113

36.456

< 0.001

  Hospitalization stay – Other diagnoses

3515

3041

0.434

0.510

3712

2330

2.795

0.095

  Day surgeries

1208

674

8.060

0.005

886

553

3.575

0.059

 Total inpatient

7135

5042

3.702

0.054

6643

4079

5.032

0.025

 Outpatient

  Outpatient visits – Mental health, local community service center

29

1

1341.819

< 0.001

2

1

50.665

< 0.001

  Outpatient visits – Mental health, outpatient clinic

24

7

86.320

< 0.001

12

2

104.651

< 0.001

  Outpatient visits – Other diagnoses

1810

1177

20.585

< 0.001

1749

1181

14.383

< 0.001

 Total outpatient

1863

1185

25.255

< 0.001

1810

1190

18.172

< 0.001

 Medications – paid by the public plan

8038

4869

45.169

< 0.001

6016

4773

9.500

0.002

 Physician fees

5187

3803

23.327

< 0.001

4987

3763

17.777

< 0.001

 Total cost

23,234

15,509

32.368

< 0.001

20,700

14,948

20.400

< 0.001

Patient perspective

 Psychotherapies

3

4

3.797

0.051

1

2

3.859

0.049

 Lost in productivity

        

  ED visits

474

286

10.962

< 0.001

461

248

12.420

< 0.001

  Inpatient stay

790

570

2.895

0.089

696

428

3.624

0.057

  Outpatient visits

283

184

24.539

< 0.001

274

185

17.315

< 0.001

 Medications – paid by the patient

1733

1599

2.736

0.098

1684

1612

0.711

0.399

 Total cost

3283

2643

16.931

< 0.001

3166

2630

11.869

0.001

Societal perspective

 Total cost

26,517

18,152

32.572

< 0.001

23,888

17,622

20.666

< 0.001

Sensitivity analysisb

Societal perspective

 Total cost

26,517

18,152

32.572

< 0.001

19,657

17,031

5.662

0.017

  1. Significant results are in bold (p < 0.05)
  2. aAdjusted for: age, education, social and material deprivation indexes, cognitive functioning, number of chronic diseases, psychological distress, health-related quality of life and the number of days alive during the study period
  3. bFurther adjusted for societal costs incurred during the three years preceding the baseline interview