Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by number of chronic musculoskeletal pain sites
Variables | No chronic pain | Number of chronic pain sites | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
1–2 pain sites | 3–4 pain sites | ≥5 pain sites | ||
Participants, no. | 9380 | 4161 | 2865 | 1895 |
Age, mean (SD) [range], years | 50.2 (13.6) [19–89] | 52.9 (12.5) [19–87] | 54.4 (11.7) [19–85] | 56.2 (10.5) [21–90] |
Females, % (no.) | 53.4 (5011) | 53.6 (2231) | 65.9 (1888) | 74.1 (1404) |
Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.6 (4.0) | 27.1 (4.1) | 27.8 (4.4) | 28.3 (4.6) |
Inactive, % (no.)a | 16.1 (1.514) | 17.8 (740) | 17.4 (500) | 18.9 (358) |
Insomnia, % (no.)b | 2.4 (230) | 3.5 (146) | 7.1 (205) | 11.0 (210) |
Current smoker, % (no.) | 10.8 (1.011) | 13.1 (544) | 15.5 (444) | 19.0 (360) |
Possible alcohol abuse, % (no.)c | 6.7 (625) | 6.8 (285) | 5.9 (168) | 5.2 (98) |
Comorbid conditions, % (no.)d | 14.3 (1344) | 25.9 (1078) | 37.8 (1082) | 58.6 (1110) |
Cardiovascular disease, % (no.) | 6.1 (574) | 7.4 (307) | 8.7 (250) | 11.9 (226) |
Diabetes, % (no.) | 2.7 (256) | 3.0 (125) | 3.8 (110) | 5.8 (110) |
Rheumatic/degenerative joint disease, % (no.) | 4.1 (380) | 15.7 (653) | 27.4 (784) | 46.0 (871) |
Cancer, % (no.) | 3.8 (358) | 4.6 (190) | 5.4 (154) | 6.4 (122) |