Comparing gender-specific suicide mortality rate trends in the United States and Lithuania, 1990–2019: putting one of the “deaths of despair” into perspective

Table 1 Estimates from joinpoint analyses of age-standardized^a suicide mortality rates (per 100,000 people) for middle-aged (45–54 years of age) men and women in the United States and Lithuania, 1990–2019

	Mortality rate per 100,000 people		Total study period^b			Period 1			Period 2			Period 3			Period 4			Period 5
	1990	2019	AAPC (%)	95% CI	Years	APC (%)	95% CI	Years	APC (%)	95% CI	Years	APC (%)	95% CI	Years	APC (%)	95% CI	Years	APC (%)	95% CI
United States
Men	23.03	29.05	0.89^d	0.66, 1.12	1990–1999	-0.61^d	-1.05, -0.17	1999–2010	2.92^d	2.54, 3.30	2010–2019	-0.05	-0.49, 0.39	-	-	-	-	-	-
Women	6.84	10.40	1.21^d	0.75, 1.66	1990–1999	-0.68	-1.46, 0.10	1999–2014	3.06^d	2.65, 3.46	2014–2019	-0.85	-2.84, 1.19	-	-	-	-	-	-
Men-to-women^c	3.37	2.79	-0.29	-1.53, 0.97	1990–2001	0.39	-0.13, 0.91	2001–2004	-2.89	-12.52, 7.80	2004–2010	1.15	-0.68, 3.02	2010–2014	-3.42	-7.66, 1.02	2014–2019	0.63	-1.21, 2.51
Lithuania
Men	94.19	50.07	-2.04	-4.84, 0.84	1990–1994	16.59^d	8.97, 24.74	1994–2003	-1.86	-3.91, 0.23	2003–2006	-14.83	-34.52, 10.78	2006–2013	0.56	-2.75, 4.00	2013–2019	-9.52^d	-12.54, -6.40
Women	12.99	8.11	-1.01	-2.94, 0.96	1990–1995	16.19^d	3.93, 29.90	1995–2019	-4.26^d	-5.15, -3.36	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Men-to-women^c	7.25	6.17	-0.52	-1.04, 0.01	1990–2019	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

APC, Average annual percent change, APC, Annual percent change CI, Confidence interval, ^aStandardized to the WHO standard population [19] by 5-year age groups, ^bYears 1990–2019, ^cRate-ratio of the age-standardized suicide mortality rate, ^dStatistically significant (p < 0.05)

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