Table 1 Demographic and clinical parameters in bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls

Age in Yrs. (Mean & SD)

31.92 (9.789)

34.41 (9.316)

t = −0.931

0.357

M:F ratio

15:9

13:14

χ2 = 1.057

0.304

YMRS score (Mean & SD)

8.58 (5.656)

–

–

–

Illness duration in years (Mean & SD)

4.42 (4.596)

–

–

–

Episode duration in months (Mean & SD)

2.25 (0.442)

–

–

–

N. total Episodes (Mean & SD)

2.04 (2.236)

–

–

–

N. Manic Episodes (Mean & SD)

1.67 (2.334)

–

–

–

N. Depressive Episodes (Mean & SD)

0.33 (0.702)

–

–

–

N. of Mixed Episodes (Mean & SD)

0.25 (0.532)

–

–

–

N. of Hospitalizations (Mean & SD)

2.67 (4.949)

–

–

–

Past Medical History (N)

9

3

χ2 = 4.917

0.027 *

Weight in kgs (Mean & SD)

81.47 (16.627)

74.43 (16.592)

t = 1.510

0.138

Height in metres (Mean & SD)

1.65 (0.095)

1.67 (0.084)

t = −0.559

0.579

BMI-kg/m² (Mean & SD)

29.77 (6.648)

26.42 (4.604)

t = 2.109

0.040 *

FH Psychiatric Disorder (N)

3

2

χ2 = 0.373

0.542

Hunger Score (Mean & SD)

2.92 (1.998)

3.26 (1.457)

t = −0.705

0.484

Acylated Ghrelin in pg/mL (Mean & SE)

187 (69.46)

520 (60.79)

F = 12.211

0.001*

Total Ghrelin in pg/mL (Mean & SE)

396 (52.41)

648 (48.06)

F = 11.697

0.001*

Pharmacological compounds

Total Ghrelin pg/mL (Mean & SD)

Acylated Ghrelin pg/mL (Mean & SD)

–

–

Mood Stabilizers (N = 20)

407 (162.77)

172 (150.70)

–

–

First Generation Antipsychotics (N = 3)

485 (202.76)

197 (223.57)

–

Second Generation Antipsychotics (N = 16)

395 (162.43)

216 (197.57)

–

–

Third Generation Antipsychotics (N = 8)

390 (144.88)

132 (47.38)

–

–

Benzodiazepines (N = 13)

408 (141.06)

255 (194.75)

–

–

Hypnotics (N = 10)

347 (145.61)

237 (207.44)

–

–

Antidiabetics (N = 4)

364 (114.16)

318 (196.02)

–

–

Others (N = 7)

460 (185.40)

172 (162.29)

–

–