The association between persistent low parental income during preschool age and mental disorder in adolescence and early adulthood: a Norwegian register-based study of migrants and non-migrants

Table 2 Discrete-time logistic regression analysis for the association between persistent low parental income (PLI) at age 3–5 and outpatient mental healthcare service use during adolescence and early adulthood

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	N = 2,871,876 (577,072)		N = 2,871,876 (577,072)		N = 2,871,876 (577,072)		N = 2,871,876 (577,072)
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
PLI at age 3–5 (ref. No)	1.99	1.90–2.08	1.94	1.87–2.02	1.33	1.27–1.40	1.44	1.37–1.71
Gender (ref. Man)			2.06	2.02–2.11	2.20	2.12–2.30	2.17	2.12–2.24
Migrant background (ref. Majority)
Non-EU Eastern Europe			0.29	0.25–0.34	0.24	0.20–0.29	0.33	0.26–0.41
Middle East/ North Africa			0.51	0.46–0.57	0.30	0.27–0.35	0.42	0.36–0.49
Sub-Saharan Africa			0.35	0.29–0.43	0.24	0.19–0.30	0.28	0.22–0.36
South Asia			0.29	0.26–0.32	0.17	0.15–0.20	0.23	0.20–0.27
East/South East Asia			0.30	0.26–0.34	0.19	0.16–0.23	0.25	0.21–0.30
Western countries			0.73	0.61–0.86	0.73	0.61–0.88	0.89	0.73–1.08
Interaction
PLI x Non-EU Eastern Europe							0.48	0.34–0.68
PLI x Middle East/ North Africa							0.48	0.38–0.61
PLI x Sub-Saharan Africa							0.56	0.36–0.88
PLI x South Asia							0.41	0.32–0.53
PLI x East/ South East Asia							0.44	0.31–0.63
PLI x Western countries							0.35	0.22–0.57

Model 1 adjusted for age and age²; Model 2 adjusted for age, age², gender and migrant background; Model 3 adjusted for age, age², gender, migrant background and mediators: parental education, and PLI at ages 6–8, 9–11 and 12–14; Model 4 adjusted for age, age², gender, migrant background, mediators and interaction between PLI and migrant background. OR = odds ratio, 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals. N = number of observations, number of individuals in parenthesis. Obs. per individual: min. = 1, avg. = 5.0, max = 10

ISSN: 1471-244X