Table 8 Study characteristics
Study ID | Domain (s) | Publication type | Number of Groups | Control Type | Total Sample Size | Population diagnosis | Country | Mean Sample Age (range) | Sample Gender (% female) | Sample Ethnicities | Intervention Setting | Additional publications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siuijkerbuijk 2017 [7] | Employment | Systematic review | NA | Treatment as usual, active control | 8743 | Severe mental illness (100%) | Multiple | 36 (NR) | 36% | NR | NA | |
Aubry 2016 [58] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 950 | Major depressive episode (43%), Mania or hypomanic episode (16%), Mood disorder with psychotic features (20%), Post-traumatic stress disorder (27%), Panic disorder (21%), Psychotic disorder (52%), Substance-related problems (73%) | Canada | 39.4 (NR) | 32% | Member of racial or ethnic minority group (21%), Aboriginal (19%) | Residential | Aubry 2015 [138] |
Bejerholm 2017 [108] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 63 | Depression (69%), Bipolar (31%) | Sweden | 41 (NR) | 72% | Native (92%), Immigrant (8%) | Outpatient | |
Bell 1993 [82] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 100 | Schizophrenia (100%) | USA | 40 (NR) | 6% | White (76%), Black (21%), Hispanic (3%) | Veterans affairs medical centre | |
Bell 2003 [115] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 63 | Schizophrenia (100%) | USA | 44 (NR) | 0 | Caucasian (62%), African American (30%), Hispanic (8%) | Veterans affairs medical centre | |
Bell 2005 [83] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 145 | Schizophrenia (100%) | USA | 42.8 (NR) | 41% | Caucasian (46%), African American (23%), Hispanic (2%), Asian (2%) | Veterans affairs medical centre | |
Bell 2008 [96] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 77 | Schizophrenia (100%) | USA | 40 (NR) | 46% | Caucasian (47%), African American (23%), Hispanic (4%), Asian (1%) | Community | |
Bell 2018 [84] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 77 | Schizoaffective disorder (13.2%), Schizophrenia (36.8%), Other disorder (50%) | USA | 51.2 (NR) | 10.40% | Not Hispanic or Latino (93.5%), Hispanic/Latino (4%), Unknown or NR (2.5%) | Cognitive training lab | |
Beutel 2005 [77] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 329 | Affective disorders (36%) Adjustment disorders (19%), Anxiety disorders (11%), Other disorders (16%), Other neurotic (3%), Somatoform disorders (12%) | Germany | 38 (19–50) | 58.30% | NR | Inpatient | |
Boevink 2016 [48] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 163 | Affective disorder (11.7%), Non-affective psychotic disorder (40.5%), Personality disorder (14.7%), Other (33.1%) | Netherlands | 43.9 (NR) | 49.10% | NR | Community and residential | |
Burnam 1996 [62] | Housing | RCT | 3 | No intervention | 276 | Comorbid schizophrenia + major affective disorder (38%), Major affective disorder (55%), Schizophrenia disorder (7%) | USA | 37 (NR) | 16% | White (58%), Black (28%), Other (14%) | Community and residential | |
Castelein 2008 [49] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 106 | Other psychotic disorders (25.5%), Schizophrenia (79%) | Netherlands | 38.6 (NR) | 31.10% | NR | Community | |
Chandler 2006 [130] | Offending | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 182 | Major depressive or other depressive disorder (28.8%), Schizophrenia (22%), Schizoaffective disorder (5.5%), Bipolar disorder (10.4%), Psychotic disorder NOS (28%), Other including PTSD and other anxiety disorders (8.2%) | USA | NR | 19.20% | African American (66.4%), White (21.4%), Hispanic (3.3%), Other (3.3%) | Community | |
Christensen 2019 [109] | Employment | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Treatment as usual | 477 | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (77%), Bipolar disorder (11.5%), Recurrent depression (11.5%) | Denmark | 32.9 (NR) | 38.16% | NR | Outpatient | |
Conoley 1985 [39] | Social Isolation | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Wait-list | 38 | Depression (100%) | USA | NR | 100% | NR | Community | |
Cook 2008 [93] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 1273 | Schizophrenia (33%), Schizoaffective disorder (18%), Major depression (24%), Bipolar disorder (16%), Dysthymia (3%) | USA | 38.5 (NR) | 53% | White (50%), Other (50%) | Community and residential | |
Cosden 2005 [128] | Offending | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 235 | Mood disorder (35.5%), Schizophrenia (32.5%), Bipolar Disorder (22.2%), Other (10.3%)—Dual-diagnosis (83.3%) | USA | NR | 50.60% | European-American (70.6%), Hispanic (17.4%), African American (7.7%), Other (4.3%) | Community | Cosden 2003 [139] |
Cusack 2010 [129] | Offending | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 134 | Psychotic disorder (65%), Schizoaffective disorder (26.9%) | USA | 36.8 (NR) | 41% | Caucasian (63%), Hispanic (21.6%), African American (8.2%) | Community | |
Davidson 2004 [46] | Social Isolation | RCT | 3 | No intervention | 260 | Psychotic disorder (50%), Affective disorder (34%), Anxiety disorder (2%), Other Axis I disorder (1%), Unknown (12%), Co-occuring substance use disorder (44%) | USA | NR | 57% | White (82%), African American (11%), Hispanic/Latino (2%), Asian/Pacific Islander (1%) | Community | |
Davis 2012 [80] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 85 | Post-traumatic stress disorder (100%) | USA | 40.2 (NR) | 12% | African American (71.5%), Caucasian (27%), Native American (1%) | Community | |
Davis 2015 [116] | Employment | Feasibility RCT | 2 | Active | 34 | Schizophrenia (58.8%), Schizoaffective (41.2%) | USA | 51.7 (NR) | 3% | African American (62.3%), White (37.7%) | Outpatient | |
Davis 2018 [81] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 541 | Post-traumatic stress disorder (100%) | USA | 42.2 (NR) | 49.50% | Hispanic (66.5%), White (50.7%), African American (41.6%), Other (33.3%) | Outpatient | |
De Waal 2019 [140] | Victimisation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 250 | Psychotic disorder (38%), Mood disorder (21.6%), Post-traumatic stress disorder (13.2%), Anxiety disorder (8%), Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (8%), Personality disorder (36%), Intellectual disability (12.4%), Other disorder (11.2%) | Netherlands | 42.1 (NR) | 29.60% | Dutch (72.3%), Other (7.6%), Surinamese (6.4%), European (6%), Moroccan (4.4%), Dutch Antilles (2.4%) | Outpatient and inpatient | |
De Weerd 2016 [120] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 60 | Somatoform disorder (56.7%), Depressive disorder (23.3%), Anxiety Disorder (20%) | Netherlands | 39.9 (NR) | 46.67% | NR | Outpatient | |
Elbogen 2016 [141] | Money | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 184 | Mixed (100%) | USA | NR (18–65) | NR | NR | NR | |
Ellison 2020 [63] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 166 | Dual-diagnosis serious mental disorder + substance abuse (100%) | USA | 52.8 (NR) | 7.23% | White (50%), African American (50%) | Community and residential | |
Erickson 2020 [94] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 109 | Schizophrenia spectrum (50.5%), Bipolar (14.7%), Major depression (9.2%), Psychosis NOS (15.6%), Other (6.4%) | Canada | 23.5 (NR) | 17.40% | NR | Outpatient | |
Fletcher 2008 [64] | Housing | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Treatment as usual | 191 | Dual-diagnosis serious mental disorder + substance abuse (100%) | USA | NR (18–66) | NR | NR | Community | |
Fowler 2019 [88] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 77 | Psychosis (100%) | United Kingdom | 29 (18–52) | 29% | White (85.7%) | Community | |
Gelkopf 1994 [44] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Active | 34 | Schizophrenia (100%) | Israel | 45.4 (NR) | 17.60% | NR | Inpatient | |
Glynn 2004 [54] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Active | 63 | Schizophrenia (100%) | USA | 43.5 (18–60) | 8% | Caucasian (44%), African American (40%), Hispanic (13%), Asian (3%) | Outpatient | |
Glynn 2017 [101] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 67 | Schizophrenia (100%) | USA | 41 (18–65) | 16% | White (76%), Black (15%), Other (4%), Asian (3%), Latino (1%) | Community | |
Goldfinger 1999 [65] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 118 | Schizophrenia (45%), Schizoaffective disorder (17%), Bipolar disorder (14%), Major depression (13%), Other (11%) | USA | 38 (NR) | 28% | African American (41%) | Community and residential | Dickey 1997 [142] |
Granholm 2005 [57] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 76 | Schizophrenia (100%) | USA | NR (42–74) | 26.40% | Caucasian (79%) | Community | |
Gutman 2009 [91] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 38 | Schizophrenia (42%), Schizoaffective disorder (29%), Bipolar disorder (16%), depression (13%) | USA | NR (19–55) | 42% | Hispanic (39%), African American (37%), White (21%) | Community | |
Harris 2017 [118] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 86 | Schizophrenia (58.1%), Schizoaffective (5.8%), Bipolar (31.4%), Other psychotic (4.7%) | Australia | 39.6 (NR) | 36.05% | NR | Outpatient | |
Haslam 2019 [40] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 120 | Major depression (41.7%), Anxiety disorder (38%), Post-traumatic stress disorder (7.5%), Others (12.5%), None (but with symptoms meeting criteria for major depression) (40.8%) | Australia | 31.1 (17–69) | 64% | Caucasian (74%), Australian (69%) | Outpatient | |
Hasson-Ohayon 2014 [42] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Active | 55 | Serious mental illness (100%) | Israel | 38.5 (21–62) | 44% | NR | Community | |
Hees 2013 [121] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 117 | Major depression (100%) | The Netherlands | 43 (18–65) | 53% | NR | Outpatient and community | |
Hellstrom 2017 [79] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 326 | Depression (69%), Phobic anxiety (7.7%), Other anxiety (12%), Bipolar disorder (11.3%) | Denmark | 35 (18–60) | 68% | NR | Community | |
Henderson 2013 [104] | Employment | Feasibility RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 80 | Schizophrenia spectrum (30%), Depression (12.7%), Bipolar disorder (16.5%), Personality disorders (5.1%), Anxiety (7.6%), Anxiety and depression (7.6%), Mixed (6.3%) | United Kingdom | 36.1 (NR) | 48% | Black/Black British (47%), White (38%), Other (11%), Asian/Asian British (4%) | Community | |
Herman 2011 [66] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 150 | Schizophrenia (61%), Schizoaffective (35%), Other (4%) | USA | 37.5 (NR) | 29% | African American (62%), White (17%), Latino (15%), Other (6%) | Community | Baumgartner 2012 [143] |
Himle 2014 [119] | Employment | Pilot RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 58 | Depression (60.3%), Post-traumatic stress disorder (37.9%), Generalized anxiety disorder (19%), Obsessive–compulsive disorder (15.5%), Panic disorder (13.8%), Bipolar disorder (3.4%), Psychotic disorder (3.4%), Specific phobia (1.7%) | USA | 43.6 (NR) | 32.80% | African American (86.2%), White (10.34%), Multiracial (3.45%) | Community | |
Hurlburt 1996 [67] | Housing | RCT | 4 | No intervention | 361 | Schizophrenia (55%), Other (bipolar disorder or major depression (55%)) | USA | NR (NR) | 33.20% | White (62.8%), Black (19.7%), Hispanic (12.5%), Other (5%) | Community and residential | |
Kern 2018 [102] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 58 | Schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (100%) | USA | 42.7 (NR) | 15.52% | White (65.3%) | Community | |
Killackey 2019 [95] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 146 | Psychosis (100%) | Australia | 20.4 (NR) | 30.80% | Australian (76%) | Community | |
Kingston 2018 [135] | Offending | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 101 | Major mood, psychotic, anxiety and/or trauma-related disorder (100%) | Canada | 34.5 (NR) | 0 | Caucasian (87.6%), Aboriginal (11.3%), Other (Asian) (9.3%), Black (6.2%) | Prison and community | |
Korr Joseph 1995 [68] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 95 | Schizophrenia, depressive and affective disorders, or other psychoses (78%), Other diagnosis (22%) | USA | 38.09 (NR) | 20.00% | Black (43%), White (49%), Other (8%) | Community and housing | |
Kukla 2018 [112] | Employment | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Active | 50 | Schizophrenia (74%), Schizoaffective disorder (26%) | USA | 51.5 (NR) | 4.00% | African American (58%), White (40%), Hispanic American (2%) | Outpatient | |
Lamberti 2017 [131] | Offending | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 70 | Schizophrenia (51%), Depression with psychotic features (19%), Psychotic disorder, NOS (10%), Schizoaffective disorder (11%), Bipolar disorder with psychotic features (9%) | USA | 37.5 (NR) | 39% | African American (73%), Caucasian (19%), Hispanic (8%) | Outpatient | |
Lecomte 2020 [147] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 164 | Mood disorder (18.5%), Anxiety disorder (7.4%), Organic disorder (0.6%), Psychotic disorder (58.6%), Substance-related (1.2%), Personality disorder (6.2%), Developmental disorder (1.9%), Other (5.6%) | Canada | 36.6 (NR) | 39.30% | Caucasian (63.4%) | NR | |
Lehman 1997 [69] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 152 | Schizophrenia (44.5%), Schizoaffective disorder (14%), Bipolar (20.5%), Depression (8.5%), Other (12.6%) | USA | 37.5 (NR) | 32.50% | African American (72.3%), White (23.7%) | Community | |
Lindenmayer 2008 [89] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Attentional control | 85 | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (84%); "other" diagnosis (17%) [details of mental health conditions of participants with diagnoses falling into the "other" category were not reported] | USA | 43.5 (NR) | 11% | Black (58%), Hispanic (27%), White (13%), Asian (3%) | Inpatient | |
Lipton 1988 [70] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 49 | Schizophrenia (81%), Personality disorders (8%), Affective disorders (2%), Other (8.1%) | USA | 37 (NR) | 35% | NR | Housing | |
Lloyd-evans 2020 [41] | Social Isolation | Feasibility RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 211 | Common mental disorders (100%) | UK | 43.1 (NR) | 73% | White (64%), Black/African/Caribbean/Black British (13%), Asian/Asian British (10%), Mixed/multiple ethnic groups (8%), Other ethnic groups (5%) | Outpatient and community | |
Lysaker 2005 [113] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 50 | Schizophrenia (74%), Schizoaffective disorder (26%) | USA | 48.1 (NR) | 0 | African American (56%), Caucasian (42%), Latino (2%) | Outpatient and community | |
Marder 1996 [55] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Active | 80 | Schizophrenia (100%) | USA | 38.2 (NR) | 0 | Non-white (68.8%) | Veterans affairs medical centre | |
McGurk 2007 [97] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 44 | Schizophrenia (23.4%), Schizoaffective disorder (22.4%), Bipolar disorder (23.4%), Major depression (16.8%), Other (14%) | USA | 35.59 (NR) | 45.50% | African American (68.2%), Hispanic (15.9%), Caucasian (13.6%), Asian (2.27%) | Community | McGurk 2005 [148] |
McGurk 2015 [98] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 107 | Schizophrenia (23.4%), Schizoaffective disorder (22.4%), Bipolar (23.4%), Depression (16.8%), Other (14%) | USA | 44.1 (NR) | 34.60% | White (86%), Black (10.3%), Asian (1.9%), More than one race (1.9%) | Community | |
McGurk 2016 [85] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 54 | Schizophrenia (83.3%), Major mood disorder (13%), Other (3.7%) | USA | 37.7 (NR) | 29.63% | African American (61.1%), Caucasian (25.9%), Hispanic/Latino (18.5%), Multiracial (14.8%) | Community | |
McHugo 2004 [71] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Active | 121 | Schizophrenia (72.7%), Mood disorder (27.3%) | USA | 39.85 (21–60) | 53% | African American (82.6%) | Community | |
Mervis 2017 [86] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 64 | Schizoaffective disorder (46.9%), Other (43.1%) | USA | 36.1 (NR) | 39.10% | NR | Community | |
Milligan-Saville 2017 [127] | Employment | Cluster RCT | 2 | Waitlist | 88 (managers) 1966 (employees) | NR | Australia | (managers) 49.3 (NR) | 0% | NR | Workplace | |
Morse 1992 [72] | Housing | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Treatment as usual | 116 | Schizophrenia, Depression, Bipolar, Other psychotic disorders, Other disorders not listed (100%) | USA | NR | NR | NR | Community | |
Morse 1997 [76] | Housing | RCT | 3 | Active | 165 | Schizophrenia (66%), Recurrent depression (15%), Bipolar disorder (13%), Atypical psychosis (12%), Delusional or paranoid disorder (3%), Dementia (1.2%) | USA | 34.7 (NR) | 42% | African American (55%), Caucasian (45%) | Community | |
Morse 2006 [73] | Housing | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Treatment as usual | NR | Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Atypical psychotic disorder, Bipolar disorder, Major depression-recurrent disorder, Delusional disorder + One or more substance use disorders (100%) | USA | NR | NR | NR | Community | |
Mueser 2005 [117] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 35 | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (66%), Major depression or bipolar disorder (11%), Other psychiatric diagnoses (23%) | USA | 37.7 (NR) | 20% | Non-hispanic White (97%), Asian (3%) | Outpatient | |
Noordik 2013 [122] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 160 | Stress-related disorders (22.5%), Depressive disorders (23.1%), Anxiety disorder (23.1%), Mixed anxiety-depressive disorders (29.4%) | Netherlands | 45.4 (NR) | 70% | NR | Community | |
Nuechterlein 2019 [103] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 69 | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (100%) | USA | 24.7 (NR) | 33.30% | Multiracial (37.7%), White (26.1%), Hispanic (26.1%), Asian (11.6%), Pacific Islander (2.9%) | Outpatient | |
Okpaku 1997 [105] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 152 | Mood disorders and Schizophrenia (67%), Psychotic disorder (44%), Mood disorder (36%) | USA | 36.8 (NR) | 41% | White (60%) | Community | |
Overland 2018 [111] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 1193 | Common mental disorders (100%) | Norway | 40.4 (NR) | 67% | NR | NR | |
Pos 2019 [51] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 99 | Schizophrenia (100%) | Netherlands | 25.4 (NR) | 19% | Member of a ethnic minority group (54.5%) | Outpatient | |
Pot-Kolder 2018 [52] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 116 | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (100%) | Netherlands | 38 (NR) | 29.30% | Non-dutch origin (34.5%) | Outpatient | Pot-Kolder 2020 [149] |
Priebe 2020 [56] | Social isolation | RCT | 2 | Active | 124 | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (100%) | UK | 42.4 (NR) | 34.70% | Black African (19.4%), Bangladeshi (18.5%), Black Caribbean (17.7%), White (15.3%), Other unspecified (8.9%), Black other (5.6%), Asian other (4.03%), Indian/Pakistani (4%), Mixed/multiple ethnic groups (2.4%), White other (2.4%) | Community | |
Rebergen 2009 [123] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 240 | Mixed (100%) | The Netherlands | 39.38 (NR) | 44.00% | NR | Outpatient | Rebergen 2009b [150] |
Reme 2019 [106] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 410 | Psychotic (19.8%), Bipolar (13.9%), Major depression (40%), Anxiety (40.5%), Other (26.6%) | Norway | 35 (NR) | 48.60% | Norwegian (86.1%) | Outpatient | |
Rivera 2007 [50] | Social Isolation | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Treatment as usual | 203 | Schizophrenia (29%), Schizoaffective disorder (20%), Other psychotic disorder (3%), Bipolar disorder (26%), Depression (22%), Other or data missing (1%) | USA | 38.6 (NR) | 48.50% | Caucasian (30.2%), Hispanic (29.4%), Other (22.1%), African American (18.4%) | Community | |
Roberts 2014 [53] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 66 | Schizophrenia (42.4%), Schizoaffective (56.1%), Psychosis NOS (1.5%) | USA | 39.7 (NR) | 33.30% | Caucasian (63.6%), African American (36.4%), Hispanic (6.1%) | Outpatient | |
Rodriguez Pulido 2019 [99] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 57 | Schizophrenia (74.5%), Bipolar disorder (14.9%), Personality disorder (8.5%), Depression (2.1%) | Spain | 40.5 (NR) | 31.92% | NR | Community | |
Rogers 2006 [92] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 135 | Severe mental illness (100%) | USA | 33.9 (NR) | 45.90% | Caucasian (58%), African American (30.3%), Other (including multiracial) (11.7%) | NR | |
Rossler 2020 [107] | Employment | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Active | 78 | Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use (11.5%), Schizophrenia and similar disorders (8.97%), Mood disorders (44.87%), Anxiety, dissociative, stress related and somatoform disorders (15.38%), Personality disorders (12.82%) | Switzerland | 36.05 (NR) | 51.28% | NR | Outpatient | Rossler 2018 [151] |
Rowe 2007 [132] | Offending | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 114 | Psychotic disorder (41.3%), Major mood disorder (44.2%), Other (19.2%) | USA | 39.8 (NR) | 32% | African American (58%), White (31%), Hispanic (15%), Other (9%), Native American (3%) | Community | |
Russinova 2018 [90] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Wait-list | 51 | Schizophrenia/schizoaffective (31.4%), Bipolar (31.4%), Depression (33.3%), Other (5.9%) | USA | 46.2 (NR) | 60.80% | Non-Hispanic white (64.7%), Member of minority ethnic groups (35.3%) | NR | |
Sacks 2004 [133] | Offending | RCT | 2 | Active | 185 | Dual-diagnosis serious mental disorder + substance abuse (100%) | USA | 34.3 (NR) | 0 | Caucasian (49%), Black (30%), Hispanic (16.5%), Other (4%) | Prison and community | |
Sacks 2012 [134] | Offending | RCT | 2 | Active | 127 | Dual-diagnosis serious mental disorder + substance abuse (100%) | USA | 38.2 (NR) | 0 | White (56%), Hispanic (17%), Other/mixed (17%), Black (10%) | Prison and community | |
Salzer 2016 [136] | Rights inclusion and citizenship | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 100 | Schizophrenia-spectrum or affective disorder (100%) | USA | 48.7 (NR) | 46.50% | Black (74.8%), White (21.2%), Latin/Hispanic (4.04%), Native American (2%), Other race (2%), Asian (1%) | Community | |
Sanches 2020 [114] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 188 | Psychotic disorder (60.1%), Bipolar disorder (3.2%), Depressive or anxiety disorder (6.9%), Personality disorder (6.4%), Eating disorder (6.9%), Other (16.5%) | Netherlands | 39.9 (NR) | 42% | NR | Outpatient | |
Schene 2007 [78] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 62 | Major depression (100%) | The Netherlands | 45.9 (NR) | 51.60% | NR | Outpatient | |
Segal 2010 [137] | Rights inclusion and citizenship | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 505 | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (9%), Major depression (76%), Other (15%) | USA | NR | 47% | White (36%), African American (34%), Other (30%) | Community | |
Sheridan 2015 [47] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Active | 107 | Diagnosis of enduring mental illness (100%) | Ireland | 51 (NR) | 52.30% | NR | Community | |
Shern 2000 [74] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 168 | Serious mental disorders (100%) | USA | 39.97 (21–66) | 34% | Black (61%), White (29%), Hispanic (10%) | Community | |
Silverman 2014 [43] | Social Isolation | RCT | 4 (2 included) | Attentional control | 45 | Bipolar Disorder (35.6%), Major Depressive Disorder (48.9%), Schizoaffective disorder (2.3%), Schizophrenia (2.3%), Other (2.3%) No response: 8.89% | USA | 35.55 (NR) | 51.10% | Caucasian American (71.1%), African American (13.3%), Other (8.9%), Hispanic American (4.4%) | Inpatient | |
Stergiopoulos 2015 [60] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 1198 | Depression (59%), Mania/hypomania (9.9%), Post-traumatic stress disorder (31.3%), Panic disorder (25.1%), Mood disorder with psychotic features (13.2%), Psychotic disorder (21.6%) | Canada | 42.2 (NR) | 32.60% | White (48.4%), Ethnoracial (27.9%), Aboriginal (23.7%) | Community and residential | |
Susser 1997 [75] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 96 | Schizohrenia (56.1%), Other (33.9%) | USA | NR | 0 | African American (72.4%), Other (17.6%) | Community | Jones 2003 [152] |
Terzian 2013 [45] | Social Isolation | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 357 | Schizophrenia (100%) | Italy | NR (18–45) | 31% | NR | Community | |
Tinland 2020 [59] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 703 | Schizophrenia (69.3%), Bipolar (30.7%) | France | 38.8 (NR) | 17.50% | French (81.8%), Other (13.5%) | NR | |
Tsemberis 2004 [61] | Housing | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 206 | Psychotic (53%), Mood-depressive (14%), Mood-bipolar (14%), Other (5%) | USA | NR | 21% | Black (41%), White (27%), Mixed/other/unknown (18%), Hispanic (15%) | Housing | Gulcur 2003 [153] |
Twamley 2019 [100] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Active | 153 | Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (38%), Bipolar disorder (24%), major depressive disorder (38%) | USA | 43.7 (NR) | 43.10% | Racial/ethnic minority (37.9%) | NR | |
Van Beurden 2017 [124] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 3379 | Common mental disorders (100%) | Netherlands | 44.6 (NR) | 58.50% | NR | Outpatient | |
Vauth [87] 2005 | Employment | RCT | 3 (2 included) | Treatment as usual | 93 | Schizophrenia (100%) | Germany | 28.95 (NR) | 38.71% | NR | Inpatient | |
Vlasveld 2013 [125] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 126 | Moderate major depressive disorder (100%) | Netherlands | 42.6 (NR) | 53.80% | Dutch (93.66%) | Community | |
Volker 2015 [126] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 220 | Common mental disorders (100%) | Netherlands | 44.2 (NR) | 59.10% | Dutch (97.7%) | Online | Lokman 2017 [156] |
Yamaguchi 2017 [110] | Employment | RCT | 2 | Treatment as usual | 92 | Schizophrenia (87%), Depression (7.6%), Bipolar (5.4%) | Japan | 34.7 (NR) | 38.04% | NR | Community and inpatient |