Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression predicting depressive symptom trajectory groups (N = 2,016)
Variables | None (Group 1) vs Slowly worsening (Group 2) | None (Group 1) vs Rapidly worsening (Group 3) | Persistently severe (Group 5) vs Improving (Group 4) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | 95% CI | P | RR | 95% CI | P | RR | 95% CI | P | |
Age | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.05 | .130 | 0.04 | 0.01, 0.07 | .017 | 0.01 | -0.03, 0.05 | .649 |
Gender (ref. male) | 0.18 | -0.14, 0.50 | .274 | 0.23 | 0.14, 0.60 | .700 | 0.09 | -0.03, 0.56 | .700 |
Education level (ref. Elementary or lower) | |||||||||
Middle school | -0.10 | -0.50, 0.30 | .611 | -0.05 | -0.53, 0.42 | .822 | -0.39 | -1.11, 0.32 | .281 |
High school | -0.35 | -0.76, 0.05 | .085 | 0.30 | -0.13, 0.73 | .177 | -0.32 | -1.02, 0.37 | .362 |
College or higher | -1.00 | -1.55, -0.45 | < .001 | -1.78 | -2.68, -0.88 | < .001 | -0.07 | -1.39, 1.24 | .913 |
Have a religion (ref. No) | 0.10 | -0.17, 0.36 | .469 | -0.13 | -0.43, 0.17 | .396 | -0.06 | -0.42, 0.30 | .746 |
Have a spouse (ref. Yes) | -0.00 | -0.33, 0.33 | .985 | 0.22 | -0.13, 0.58 | .220 | -0.23 | -0.63, -0.17 | .251 |
Current job (ref. Yes) | -0.12 | -0.43, 0.19 | .439 | 0.25 | -0.19, 0.61 | .185 | -0.64 | -1.13, -0.15 | .010 |
Total household income | -0.00 | -0.00, 0.00 | .510 | -0.00 | -0.00, 0.00 | .227 | -0.01 | -0.00, 0.00 | .414 |
K-ADL score | 0.32 | -0.17, 0.81 | .203 | 0.24 | -0.25, 0.73 | .346 | -0.04 | -0.33, 0.25 | .768 |
K-IADL sore | -0.03 | -0.18, 0.12 | .694 | 0.03 | -0.12, 0.18 | .671 | 0.07 | -0.75, 0.21 | .359 |
K-MMSE | -0.01 | -0.04, 0.02 | .457 | -0.05 | -0.08, -0.01 | .005 | 0.07 | -0.03, 0.10 | < .001 |
Number of chronic diseases | 0.06 | -0.08, 0.21 | .401 | 0.25 | 0.10, 0.41 | .001 | -0.25 | -0.04, -0.07 | .005 |
BMI | -0.04 | -0.08, 0.01 | .142 | -0.04 | -0.09, 0.01 | .142 | -0.01 | -0.06, 0.07 | .942 |
Exercise at least once a week (ref. No) | -0.20 | -0.48, 0.09 | .170 | -0.14 | -0.46, 0.19 | .405 | -0.26 | -0.69, 0.17 | .232 |
Frequency of contact with children (ref. Almost daily) | |||||||||
2–3 times a week | -0.06 | -0.51, 0.38 | .183 | 0.12 | -0.26, 0.50 | .539 | -0.07 | -0.54, 0.39 | .753 |
1–4 times a month | 0.12 | 0.54, 0.77 | .168 | 0.15 | -0.29, 0.58 | .509 | -0.04 | -0.55, 0.47 | .877 |
1–6 times annually | -0.07 | -0.50, 0.37 | .345 | 0.14 | -0.63, 0.90 | .724 | -0.29 | -0.10, 0.51 | .476 |
None | 0.10 | -0.34, 0.54 | .358 | 0.70 | -1.05, 2.46 | .431 | -13.23 | -1602.99, 1576.53 | .987 |
Frequency of regular social activity (ref. Almost daily) | |||||||||
2–3 times a week | 0.23 | -0.11, 0.58 | .664 | 0.81 | 0.20, 1.41 | .014 | -1.17 | -1.81, -0.52 | .047 |
1–4 times a month | 0.27 | -0.12, 0.66 | .776 | 1.41 | 0.65, 2.17 | .009 | -1.16 | -1.95, -0.34 | < .001 |
1–6 times annually | 0.33 | -0.35, 1.01 | .731 | 0.85 | 0.26, 1.44 | < .001 | -0.73 | -1.33, -0.12 | .004 |
None | 0.73 | -0.83, 2.30 | .761 | 0.76 | 0.16, 1.37 | .005 | -0.67 | -1.33, -0.00 | .019 |