Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 10,596 participants aged ≥45 years according to depressive symptoms
Characteristics | Total sample (N = 10,596) | Depressive symptoms | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 7731) | Yes (n = 2865) | |||
Age, mean(SD), y | 58.3(9.2) | 57.9(9.2) | 59.4(9.3) | < 0.001 |
Age categories, y, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 45–59 | 6255(59.0) | 4733(61.2) | 1522(53.1) |  |
 60–69 | 2966(28.0) | 2050(26.5) | 916(32.0) |  |
 ≥ 70 | 1375(13.0) | 948(12.3) | 427(14.9) |  |
Sex, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Men | 5043(47.6) | 3992(51.6) | 1051(36.7) |  |
 Women | 5553(52.4) | 3739(48.4) | 1814(63.3) |  |
Residency, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Rural | 6733(63.5) | 4638(60.0) | 2095(73.1) |  |
 Urban | 3863(36.5) | 3093(40.0) | 770(26.9) |  |
Education, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Below high school | 9220(87.0) | 6521(84.3) | 2699(94.2) |  |
 High school and above | 1376(13.0) | 1210(15.7) | 166(5.8) |  |
Marital status, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Married | 9404(88.8) | 7050(91.2) | 2354(82.2) |  |
 Others | 1192(11.2) | 681(8.8) | 511(17.8) |  |
Smoking status, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 6429(60.7) | 4553(58.9) | 1876(65.5) |  |
 Current | 3255(30.7) | 2484(32.1) | 771(26.9) |  |
 Quit | 912(8.6) | 694(9.0) | 218(7.6) |  |
Drinking frequency, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 6506(61.4) | 4599(59.5) | 1907(66.6) |  |
 Rarely | 849(8.0) | 635(8.2) | 214(7.5) |  |
 Often | 3241(30.6) | 2497(32.3) | 744(26.0) |  |
BMI, kg/m2, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Normal weight | 5646(53.3) | 4058(52.5) | 1588(55.4) |  |
 Underweight | 931(8.8) | 649(8.4) | 282(9.8) |  |
 Overweight | 2872(27.1) | 2155(27.9) | 717(25.0) |  |
 Obese | 1147(10.8) | 869(11.2) | 278(9.7) |  |
Comorbidity, n(%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 0 | 2098(19.8) | 1731(22.4) | 367(12.8) |  |
 1 | 3168(29.9) | 2440(31.6) | 728(25.4) |  |
 2 | 2678(25.3) | 1946(25.2) | 732(25.5) |  |
 ≥ 3 | 2652(25.0) | 1614(20.9) | 1038(36.2) |  |
Sleep duration, hours |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 < 7 | 5260(49.6) | 3417(44.2) | 1843(64.3) |  |
 ≥ 7 | 5336(50.4) | 4314(55.8) | 1022(35.7) |  |
History of falls, n(%) | 1640(15.5) | 958(12.4) | 682(23.8) | < 0.001 |