The effects of childhood trauma on personality in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with major depressive disorder

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the three groups

Characteristic	HC (n = 89)	FDR (n = 35)	MDD (n = 85)	P
Gender (M,%)	37(41.57%)	15(42.86%)	39(45.88%)	0.845
Age (Y; mean, SD)	33.72(10.28)	33.20(9.21)	33.36(10.73)	0.959
Education level (Y; mean, SD)	14.27(3.02)	13.74(2.94)	13.44(3.11)	0.194
PHQ¹	3^a	3^b	10^c	< 0.001^#, a, b < c
CTQ-SF(mean, SD)	34.56(6.92)^a	35.89(7.47)^b	41.72(11.79)^c	< 0.001^#, a, b < c
EA	6.06(1.59)^a	5.54(1.15)^b	7.95(3.72)^c	< 0.001^#, a, b < c
PA	5.60(1.41)^a	5.26(0.98)^b	6.29(2.71)^c	0.014^*, a, b < c
SA	5.38(0.96)	5.71(1.64)	5.88(2.66)	0.227
EN	9.58(3.49)^a	10.43(3.74)^b	12.31(4.78)^c	< 0.001^#, a, b < c
PN	7.93(3.26)^a	8.94(3.00)^b	9.28(3.12)^c	0.017^*, a < c
EPQ(mean, SD)
E	57.77(9.43)^a	55.43(11.75)^b	45.38(9.80)^c	< 0.001^#, a, b > c
N	41.50(11.22)^a	40.68(8.43)^b	55.66(11.71)^c	< 0.001^#, a, b < c
P	46.64(9.71)^a	45.64(13.16)^b	50.49(9.38)^c	0.016^*, a, b < c
L	47.20(9.59)	47.23(11.84)	45.60(9.58)	0.520

Data are shown as a percentage or mean and standard deviation (SD)
HC healthy controls, FDR first-degree relatives of patients with major depressive disorder, MDD patients with major depressive disorder, M male, %, percentage, Y years, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire, CTQ-SF Childhood Trauma Questionnaire short form, EPQ Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, E extraversion, N neuroticism, P psychoticism, L lie
¹Kruskal-Wallis Tests, ^ahealthy controls group, ^bfirst-degree relatives of patients with major depressive disorder group, ^cpatients with major depressive disorder group
^* P < 0.05, #P < 0.01. After Bonferroni correction

ISSN: 1471-244X