The effects of childhood trauma on personality in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with major depressive disorder

Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics in First-degree relatives with and without CT

Characteristic	With CT (n = 15)	Without CT (n = 20)	χ²/t/u/F	P Cohen’s d
Gender (M, %)	6(40.00%)	9(45.00%)	0.087	0.767 /
Age (Y; mean, SD)	37.33(8.72)	30.10(8.50)^*	2.464	0.019 -0.841
Education level (Y; mean, SD)	12.87(2.88)	14.40(2.89)	-1.556	0.129 0.53
PHQ^a	3	2	102.5	0.114 /
EPQ (mean, SD)
E	57.09(9.62)	54.18(13.23)	0.718	0.478 -0.246
N^b	44.43(7.89)	37.87(7.86)	3.246	0.046^* -0.833
P	48.43(18.41)	43.55(7.01)	1.091	0.283 -0.372
L	46.03(13.24)	48.13(10.95)	-0.512	0.612 0.175

Data are shown as a percentage or mean and standard deviation (SD)
HC healthy controls, FDR first-degree relatives of patients with major depressive disorder, MDD patients with major depressive disorder, M male, % percentage, Y years, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire, EPQ Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, E extraversion, N neuroticism, P psychoticism, L lie
^aMann-Whitney U tests, ^bCovariance analysis * P < 0.05, #P < 0.01

ISSN: 1471-244X