Characteristics of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and aggression among various types of drug users and factors for developing severe depression: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Risk factors for severe depression in all participants

Independent variables	All participants
	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P	OR (95%CI)	P
Sex
Male vs. female	0.72 (0.41, 1.29)	0.27
Ethnicity
Minority vs. Han	0.75 (0.42, 1.32)	0.31
Full-time education
≤ 9 years vs. > 9 years	0.82 (0.51, 1.33)	0.42
Employment status
Not employed vs. employed	1.13 (0.72, 1.78)	0.59
Types of drug use
Methamphetamine vs. Heroin	1.77 (1.05, 3.01)	0.03	2.16 (1.16, 4.02)	0.02
Methamphetamine vs. Polysubstance	2.59 (1.33, 5.03)	0.005	3.35 (1.55, 7.25)	0.002
Initial age of substance use	1.00 (0.98, 1.02)	1.00
Substance use duration	1.02 (0.99, 1.05)	0.28
Substance addiction duration	1.03 (0.99, 1.07)	0.12	0.99 (0.95, 1.04)	0.70
BIS-11 score
Attention impulsivity score	1.16 (1.07, 1.26)	< 0.001	0.99 (0.89, 1.10)	0.85
Motor impulsivity score	1.10 (1.05, 1.17)	< 0.001	1.04 (0.96, 1.13)	0.32
Nonplanning impulsivity score	0.95 (0.90, 1.00)	0.03	0.90 (0.84, 0.95)	0.001
BPAQ score
Hostility score	1.14 (1.09, 1.18)	< 0.001	1.08 (1.01, 1.16)	0.02
Verbal aggression score	1.04 (0.99, 1.10)	0.09	0.99 (0.91, 1.07)	0.72
Physical aggression score	1.08 (1.03, 1.13)	0.001	0.96 (0.90, 1.04)	0.30
Anger score	1.19 (1.10, 1.28)	< 0.001	1.06 (0.94, 1.20)	0.31
SAS score	1.16 (1.13, 1.19)	< 0.001	1.16 (1.12, 1.19)	< 0.001

Independent variables with p < 0.2 in the univariable analysis were included in the multivariable model
BIS-11 Barratt impulsiveness scale version 11, BPAQ Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire, SAS Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Severe depression was defined as the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale score > 72

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