Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of subjects and bivariate linear regression analysis for parent mental health (N = 746)

Province

  Hubei

309 (41.4)

-1.39 (1.15)

  Henan

222 (29.8)

-1.49 (1.24)

  Guangdong

203 (27.2)

Parent gender

  Male

213 (28.6)

  Female

533 (71.4)

0.41 (1.25)

Parent age

40.22 (6.12)

-0.28** (0.09)

Parent education

  Primary school

138 (18.5)

-3.12* (1.45)

  Middle school

296 (39.7)

-0.27 (1.16)

  High school

145 (19.4)

0.65 (1.43)

  ≥College

167 (22.4)

Marital status

  Married

653 (87.5)

0.56 (1.71)

  Divorced/other

93 (12.5)

Employment

  Employed

443 (59.4)

0.60 (1.15)

  Farmer

224 (30.0)

-2.31 (1.23)

  Unemployed

79 (10.6)

Annual income

  Low income (< 50,000¥)

268 (35.9)

-3.23** (1.17)

  Mid income (50,000 ~ 200,000¥)

369 (49.5)

2.51* (1.13)

  High income (> 200,000¥)

109 (14.6)

Number of children

  1

136 (18.2)

1.37 (1.46)

  2

421 (56.4)

0.94 (1.14)

  ≥3

189 (25.3)

Child gender

  Male

339 (45.4)

  Female

407 (54.6)

-1.70 (1.13)

Child grade

  Grade four

144 (19.3)

1.31 (1.43)

  Grade five

159 (21.3)

-1.79 (1.38)

  Grade six

138 (18.5)

-2.50 (1.45)

  Grade seven

80 (10.7)

1.97 (1.83)

  Grade eight

171 (22.9)

0.66 (1.35)

  Grade nine

54 (7.2)

Parent–child relationship

6.29 (1.29)

-3.62*** (0.41)

Marital relationship

6.02 (1.47)

-2.94*** (0.36)

SDQ

9.00 (5.14)

1.09*** (0.10)

Child difficulty impact

  Perceived difficulty

0.44 (0.70)

8.62*** (0.74)

  Chronicity

0.82 (1.39)

4.24*** (0.38)

  Impact score

1.64 (3.26)

2.13*** (0.16)

  Burden score

1.12 (2.26)

2.89*** (0.23)

DASS-21

15.86 (15.44)