Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the study
From: The relationship between online courses and mental health among Chinese children
children with normal mental health status (N = 429) | children with borderline mental health status (N = 55) | children with abnormal mental health status (N = 31) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Family’s characteristics | ||||
Residential region | 0.096 | |||
Eastern region | 153 (35.7%) | 15 (27.3%) | 6 (19.4%) | |
Central region | 140 (32.6%) | 21 (38.2%) | 17 (54.8%) | |
Western region | 136 (31.7%) | 19 (34.5%) | 8 (25.8%) | |
Parental age, years (sd) | 40.5 (4.7) | 41.5 (4.5) | 41.1 (4.8) | 0.209 |
Parental gender | 0.892 | |||
Male | 112 (26.1%) | 16 (29.1%) | 8 (25.8%) | |
Female | 317 (73.9%) | 39 (70.9%) | 23 (74.2%) | |
Parental education level | 0.609 | |||
Primary or secondary school | 88 (20.5%) | 15 (27.3%) | 8 (25.8%) | |
High or vocational high school | 82 (19.1%) | 8 (14.5%) | 5 (16.1%) | |
Junior college or university | 210 (49.0%) | 27 (49.1%) | 12 (38.7%) | |
Master or above | 49 (11.4%) | 5 (9.1%) | 6 (19.4%) | |
Per capita monthly income, yuan | 0.762 | |||
Less than 1000 | 18 (4.2%) | 2 (3.6%) | 1 (3.2%) | |
1000—3000 | 105 (24.5%) | 17 (30.9%) | 9 (29.0%) | |
3000—5000 | 139 (32.4%) | 13 (23.6%) | 7 (22.6%) | |
More than 5000 | 167 (38.9%) | 23 (41.8%) | 14 (45.2%) | |
Family type | 0.59 | |||
With only one child | 232 (54.1%) | 28 (50.9%) | 14 (45.2%) | |
With more than one child | 197 (45.9%) | 27 (49.1%) | 17 (54.8%) | |
Children’s characteristics | ||||
Children’s gender | 0.231 | |||
Boy | 223 (52.0%) | 35 (63.6%) | 18 (58.1%) | |
Girl | 206 (48.0%) | 20 (36.4%) | 13 (41.9%) | |
Children’s age, years (sd) | 12.5 (1.4) | 12.6 (1.3) | 12.0 (1.5) | 0.189 |
Academic performance | 0.238 | |||
Below average | 45 (10.5%) | 9 (16.4%) | 6 (19.4%) | |
Average | 142 (33.1%) | 22 (40.0%) | 10 (32.3%) | |
Above average | 242 (56.4%) | 24 (43.6%) | 15 (48.4%) | |
SDQ total difficulties score | 8.2 (3.4) | 17.2 (1.0) | 21.9 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
Screen time per day, hours (sd) | 2.6 (2.4) | 3.5 (3.6) | 3.8 (3.0) | 0.006 |
Outdoor physical activity time per day, hours (sd) | 1.1 (1.8) | 1.4 (3.3) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.629 |
Frequency of bad mood | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 148 (34.5%) | 8 (14.5%) | 2 (6.5%) | |
Sometimes | 256 (59.7%) | 32 (58.2%) | 22 (71.0%) | |
Often | 25 (5.8%) | 15 (27.3%) | 7 (22.6%) | |
Relationship between children and their parents | < 0.001 | |||
Very bad | 2 (0.5%) | 3 (5.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Bad | 9 (2.1%) | 8 (14.5%) | 4 (12.9%) | |
General | 76 (17.7%) | 19 (34.5%) | 13 (41.9%) | |
Good | 205 (47.8%) | 18 (32.7%) | 12 (38.7%) | |
Very good | 137 (31.9%) | 7 (12.7%) | 2 (6.5%) | |
Characteristics of policy to control COVID-19 | ||||
Restriction for going out of housing community during the past one month | 0.037 | |||
No | 98 (22.8%) | 8 (14.5%) | 6 (19.4%) | |
Yes, but go out many times a day | 82 (19.1%) | 14 (25.5%) | 6 (19.4%) | |
Yes, but go out once a day | 63 (14.7%) | 7 (12.7%) | 4 (12.9%) | |
Yes, but go out every two days | 84 (19.6%) | 11 (20.0%) | 2 (6.5%) | |
Yes, but go out every three days or more | 81 (18.9%) | 14 (25.5%) | 7 (22.6%) | |
Yes, can’t go out | 21 (4.9%) | 1 (1.8%) | 6 (19.4%) | |