The relationship between online courses and mental health among Chinese children

BMC Psychiatry

Table 5 Association between characteristics of online courses and SDQ total difficulties score of children stratified by children’s school stage

Online courses	Primary school					Secondary school					P_interaction^b
	Crude model		Adjusted model^a			Crude model			Adjusted model^a
	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)	P-value		OR (95%CI)	P-value		OR (95%CI)	P-value
Problems of online courses
No	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref		ref	ref		ref	ref
Difficulty in understanding the content of online courses	3.33 (1.93, 4.73)	< 0.001	1.91 (0.50, 3.31)	0.009	3.87 (2.65, 5.10)		< 0.001	1.54 (0.27, 2.81)		0.018	0.907
Device or internet connection problems	-0.77 (-4.84, 3.31)	0.713	-0.36 (-4.14, 3.42)	0.852	2.72(-0.02, 5.47)		0.053	1.03 (-1.58, 3.64)		0.440	0.558
Main form of online courses
Live courses	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref		ref	ref		ref	ref
Video-recorded courses	1.71 (0.27, 3.15)	0.020	1.36 (0.02, 2.70)	0.047	0.91 (-0.69, 2.51)		0.266	0.43 (-0.99, 1.85)		0.553	0.579
E-learning material without video	0.68 (-1.23, 2.59)	0.483	0.26 (-1.48, 1.99)	0.774	0.11(-4.07, 4.29)		0.959	-0.59 (-4.25, 3.07)		0.754	0.933
Online courses time per day, hour
< = 4(less than or equal to median)	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref		ref	ref		ref	ref
> 4(more than median)	2.52 (0.730, 4.31)	0.006	2.40 (0.73, 4.06)	0.005	0.09 (-1.14, 1.33)		0.884	0.40 (-0.69, 1.48)		0.476	0.079

^aadjusting for region, parental education level, family monthly income, children’s gender, children’s age, children’s screen time, children’s outdoor physical activity time, children’s academic performance, COVID-19 policy of restrictions for going out of housing community, frequency of children’s bad mood, and relationship between children and their parents
^bP_interaction value for adjusted model

ISSN: 1471-244X