Insomnia disorders are associated with increased cardiometabolic disturbances and death risks from cardiovascular diseases in psychiatric patients treated with weight-gain-inducing psychotropic drugs: results from a Swiss cohort

Table 2 Prevalence of metabolic disturbances according to the IDF definition and estimation of 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease

	Without insomnia disorders (N = 6290; 70%)	With insomnia disorders (N = 2664; 30%)	P-value
A. Central Obesity, N (%)	3233 (52)	1532 (58)	< 10^–4
B. Hypertension, N (%)	1947 (43)	991 (54)	< 10^–4
C. Hyperglycemia, N (%)	635 (20)	421 (30)	< 10^–4
D. HDL Hypocholesterolemia, N (%)	1175 (34)	656 (38)	0.0003
E. Hypertriglyceridemia, N (%)	1081 (31)	548 (33)	0.33
F. Metabolic syndrome, N (%)	795 (17)	477 (25)	< 10^–4
G. FRS (%), Wmean (SD)	1.58 (3.07)	1.84 (3.26)	0.04
Prevalence ^a, N (%):			0.10
Very low risk	2343 (95)	871 (93)
Low risk	69 (3)	41 (4)
Intermediate risk	50 (2)	18 (2)
High risk	15 (< 1)	8 (< 1)
H. SCORE (%), Wmean (SD)	0.57 (1.66)	0.93 (2.13)	< 10^–4
Prevalence ^b, N (%):			< 10⁻⁴
Very low risk	2212 (91)	798 (85)
Low risk	105 (4)	40 (4)
Intermediate risk	68 (3)	50 (6)
High risk	54 (2)	48 (5)

Analyses were conducted using chi2 and t-tests for clustered data. Significant P-value in bold
A. Defined using the IDF definition as follows: waist circumference: men ≥ 94 cm; women ≥ 80 cm; or BMI > 30 kg/m²
B. Defined as follows: systolic BP ≥ 130 or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mm Hg or treatment for hypertension
C. Defined as follows: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or treatment for type 2 diabetes
D. Defined as follows: HDL cholesterol: men < 1.03 mmol/L; women < 1.29 mmol/L or treatment for lipid abnormality
E. Defined as follows: triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L or treatment for lipid abnormality
F. Defined using the IDF definition as follows: presence of the A factor plus any two of the following: B / C / D and/or E factors
G. Estimated risk of developing cardiovascular disease within 10 years
H. Estimated risk of death from cardiovascular disease within 10 years. Both scores were adapted to the Swiss population
^a FRS prevalence risk score categories were defined as follows: very low risk (< 6%); low risk (6–10%); intermediate risk (10–20%) and high risk (> 20%)
^b SCORE prevalence risk categories were defined as follows: very low risk (< 1.5%); low risk (≥ 1.5% & < 2.5%); intermediate risk (≥ 2.5% & < 5%); high risk (> 5%). Abbreviations: FRS Framingham Risk Score, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IDF International Diabetes Federation, N number, SCORE Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation, SD standard deviation, Wmean weighted mean

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