Hope and depression: the mediating role of social support and spiritual coping in advanced cancer patients

BMC Psychiatry

Table 3 Multiple linear regression of depression in advanced cancer patients

Independent variable	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
Independent variable	β	t	P	β	t	P	β	t	P	β	t	P
Sex	0.053	1.114	0.266	0.059	1.342	0.180	0.040	0.932	0.352	0.036	0.863	0.389
Age	−0.010	− 0.196	0.845	− 0.035	− 0.770	0.441	− 0.031	− 0.701	0.484	− 0.038	− 0.888	0.375
Nationality	−0.067	−1.439	0.151	−0.057	−1.340	0.181	−0.054	−1.295	0.196	−0.064	−1.593	0.112
Education	−0.134	−2.401	0.017	−0.087	− 1.697	0.090	−0.037	− 0.728	0.467	− 0.017	− 0.352	0.725
Marital status	−0.008	− 0.172	0.864	− 0.023	− 0.532	0.595	− 0.050	− 1.196	0.232	− 0.052	− 1.256	0.210
Residence	− 0.081	−1.442	0.150	− 0.093	− 1.810	0.071	− 0.098	− 1.980	0.048	− 0.107	− 2.202	0.028
Income	− 0.047	− 0.901	0.368	− 0.045	− 0.954	0.341	− 0.046	−1.012	0.312	− 0.034	− 0.763	0.446
Religion	0.048	1.006	0.315	0.045	1.045	0.297	0.035	0.830	0.407	0.055	1.309	0.191
Diagnosis	−0.063	−1.345	0.179	−0.019	− 0.427	0.669	− 0.029	− 0.683	0.495	− 0.037	− 0.887	0.376
Duration	0.060	1.278	0.202	0.041	0.964	0.336	0.014	0.338	0.735	0.007	0.162	0.872
Cancer Stage	0.092	1.923	0.055	0.047	1.089	0.277	0.036	0.855	0.393	0.024	0.574	0.567
Hope				−0.408	−9.369	0.000	−0.344	−7.853	0.000	−0.227	−4.553	0.000
Social-S							−0.243	−5.446	0.000	−0.207	−4.674	0.000
Positive-SC										−0.175	−3.605	0.000
Negative-SC										0.135	3.096	0.002
F	2.947			10.548			12.702			13.069
p	0.001			<0.001			<0.001			<0.001
Adjusted R²	0.046			0.206			0.256			0.291
R²-changes	0.046			0.160			0.050			0.035

“0.000” means “P<0.001”, “Social-S” means “Social support”, “Positive-SC” means “Positive spiritual coping”, “Negative-SC” means “Negative spiritual coping”

ISSN: 1471-244X