Table 4 Association of PD with participants’ clinical characteristics
|  | PD present n = 63 (32%) | PD absent n = 134 (68%) | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Underlying CVD diagnosis | ||||
 Rheumatic heart disease | 22 (22.5) | 76 (77.6) | 1 |  |
 Atrial fibrillation | 22 (41.5) | 31 (58.5) | 2.45 (1.19–5.06) | 0.02 |
 Thrombo-embolism | 9 (30.0) | 21 (70.0) | 1.48 (0.59–3.69) | 0.40 |
Length of time on Warfarin | ||||
  ≤ 6 months | 17 (43.6) | 22 (56.4) | 1 |  |
 7–24 months | 12 (21.1) | 45 (78.9) | 0.35 (0.14–0.85) | 0.02 |
 25–60 | 15 (26.8) | 41 (73.2) | 0.47 (0.20–1.13) | 0.09 |
  > 60 | 13 (37.1) | 22 (62.9) | 0.76 (0.30–1.94) | 0.57 |
Other comorbidities | ||||
 No comorbidity | 44 (27.3) | 117 (72.7) | 1 |  |
 Any comorbidity | 19 (52.8) | 17 (47.2) | 2.97 (1.42–6.23) | < 0.01 |
History of cardiac surgey | ||||
 No | 40 (29.0) | 98 (71.0) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 22 (37.9) | 36 (62.1) | 1.50 (0.79–2.85) | 0.22 |
Length from time of surgery | ||||
  < 1 year | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | 1 |  |
 1 to < 3 years | 9 (40.9) | 13 (59.1) | 1.38 (0.32–6.03) | 0.67 |
 3 to 5 years | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 1.33 (0.23–7.63) | 0.75 |
  > 5 years | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | 1.25 (0.24–6.44) | 0.79 |
Chronic medication beside Warfarin | ||||
 Loop diuretic | ||||
  No | 20 (21.7) | 72 (78.3) | 1 |  |
  Yes | 43 (41.0) | 62 (59.0) | 2.50 (1.33–4.69) | < 0.01 |
 Penicillin | ||||
  No | 71 (63.4) | 41 (36.6) |  |  |
  Yes | 22 (25.9) | 63 (74.1) | 0.60 (0.33–1.12) | 0.11 |
 Beta blocker | ||||
  No | 83 (70.3) | 35 (29.7) | 1 |  |
  Yes | 28 (35.4) | 51 (64.6) | 1.30 (0.71–2.39) | 0.39 |
 Cardiac glycoside | ||||
  No | 41 (29.7) | 97 (70.3) | 1 |  |
  Yes | 22 (37.3) | 37 (62.7) | 1.40 (0.74–2.67) | 0.30 |