Cognitive behavioural group therapy as addition to psychoeducation and pharmacological treatment for adolescents with ADHD symptoms and related impairments: a randomised controlled trial

Haugan, Anne-Lise Juul; Sund, Anne Mari; Young, Susan; Thomsen, Per Hove; Lydersen, Stian; Nøvik, Torunn Stene

doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04019-6

Table 4 Primary and secondary outcome measures. Descriptive statistics at baseline and post-test, as well as estimated treatment effect (coefficient for the interaction term) from the mixed-model analyses

From: Cognitive behavioural group therapy as addition to psychoeducation and pharmacological treatment for adolescents with ADHD symptoms and related impairments: a randomised controlled trial

	CBT Group (n = 50)			Control Group (n = 50)				Difference (Group x Time)
Measures	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	Estimate	95% CI	P Value	Standardized effect size
ADHD RS-IV Parent total score
Baseline	48	24.19	9.59	49	25.71	8.09
Post-treatment	45	19.22	8.67	46	20.74	8.52	−0.08^a	−2.49 to 2.32	.948	−0.009
ADHD RS-IV Inattention score
Baseline	49	15.12	5.13	49	15.96	5.07
Post-treatment	46	12.46	4.98	46	13.22	5.45	0.04^a	−1.50 to 1.57	.963	0.008
ADHD RS-IV Hyperactive score
Baseline	49	8.98	5.70	50	9.90	5.35
Post-treatment	46	6.85	5.12	47	7.62	4.79	−0.15^a	− 1.47 to 1.16	.821	−0.027
ADHD RS-IV Self total score
Baseline	44	21.55	9.75	47	21.49	10.15
Post-treatment	44	19.80	9.88	45	18.67	10.21	1.44^a	−1.65 to 4.52	.359	0.145
ADHD RS-IV Inattention score
Baseline	47	12.32	4.99	49	11.31	6.28
Post-treatment	47	11.09	5.50	46	10.13	6.08	0.61^a	−1.19 to 2.41	.502	0.108
ADHD RS-IV Hyperactive score
Baseline	46	9.35	6.10	47	9.96	5.14
Post-treatment	44	8.82	6.17	46	8.67	5.07	0.51^a	−1.19 to 2.21	.551	0.091
ADHD RS- IV Teacher total score
Baseline	28	19.07	10.30	36	17.22	8.54
Post-treatment	28	14.39	9.88	32	12.66	7.23	−1.51^a	−5.06 to 2.04	.400	−0.160
ADHD RS- IV Inattention score
Baseline	28	14.29	6.32	37	12.11	6.14
Post-treatment	30	10.33	7.01	32	9.28	5.15	−1.76^a	−3.96 to 0.43	.113	−0.283
ADHD RS- IV Hyperactive score
Baseline	34	4.68	5.87	37	5,16	5,03
Post-treatment	29	3.97	4.29	35	3,51	4,28	−0.31^a	−2.09 to 1.47	.730	−0.057
Clinical Global Impression Severity
Baseline	50	3.96	0.53	50	3.92	0.67
Post-treatment	47	3.38	0.82	47	3.40	0.99	−0.02^a	−0.31 to 0.26	.883	−0.033
Children’s Global Assess. Scale
Baseline	50	62.18	6.98	50	62.12	6.82
Post-treatment	47	61.30	8.66	47	61.04	10.44	0.03^b	−3.01 to 3.06	.985	0.004
WFIRS-Parent total mean score
Baseline	44	0.78	0.39	44	0.80	0.38
Post-treatment	45	0.69	0.39	46	0.73	0.41	−0.01^a	−0.13 to 0.10	.817	−0.026
WFIRS-Self total mean score
Baseline	44	0.83	0.49	44	0.82	0.48
Post-treatment	43	0.70	0.44	45	0.73	0.52	−0.03^a	−0.15 to 0.09	.599	−0.062
BRIEF-Parent GEC (T-score)
Baseline	50	66.40	11.18	50	69.64	9.46
Post-treatment	46	62.67	11.59	47	65.34	10.53	−0.27^a	−2.30 to 2.46	.844	−0.026
BRIEF-Self GEC (T-score)
Baseline	50	63.78	11.44	50	64.02	14.78
Post-treatment	47	61.40	13.17	46	62.24	13.92	−0.02^a	−3.35 to 3.32	.993	−0.002
BRIEF-Teacher GEC (T-score)
Baseline	31	77.71	15.87	37	75.05	15.57
Post-treatment	31	70.97	17.62	33	70.15	15.32	−3.21^a	−8.10 to 1.68	.195	−0.204
SCARED
Baseline	45	21.64	14.33	47	22.09	16.45
Post-treatment	42	18.79	13.52	43	20.01	15.04	.97^a	−2.92 to 4.85	.622	0.063
Short Mood and Feeling Q.
Baseline	50	7.96	6.82	49	9.15	6.95
Post-treatment	47	7.63	6.11	47	7.45	6.42	1.07^a	−0.89 to 3.03	.284	0.155
General Perceived Self-Effic. Scale
Baseline	49	27.56	5.22	49	28.04	5.05
Post-treatment	47	29.21	4.13	47	29.12	5.84	0.46^b	−1.13 to 2.04	.571	0.090
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Baseline	50	28.14	6.57	49	28.64	6.87
Post-treatment	47	29.47	5.89	47	29.15	6.80	0.70^b	−0.74 to 2.13	.338	0.104
Adolescents’ Sleep-Wake Scale
Baseline	49	2.76	0.39	49	2.76	0.53
Post-treatment	46	2.75	0.37	47	2.85	0.49	−0.06^b	−0.21 to 0.09	.435	−0.130

Note: Baseline study inclusion ADHD-RS Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, WFIRS Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale, BRIEF Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, SCARED Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, GEC General Executive Composite. ^a a negative difference estimate is in favour of the CBT group and a positive estimate is in favour of the control group. ^ba positive difference estimate is in favour of the CBT group and a negative estimate is in favour of the control group. The standardized effect size equals the estimate divided by the average standard deviation at baseline

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