Table 4 Association between PHQ-9 and health outcomes among schizophrenia patients in Japan

Health outcomes

n

Mean

n

Mean

n

Mean

n

Mean

n

Mean

P-value

 MCS (Japanese norm)

54

52.61

39

46.32

30

42.97

23

41.23

32

37.93

<  0.001

 PCS (Japanese norm)

54

48.98

39

45.23

30

45.44

23

42.58

32

46.07

0.365

 RCS (Japanese norm)

54

42.93

39

40.58

30

29.60

23

30.15

32

17.25

<  0.001

 EQ-5D index

54

0.84

39

0.74

30

0.64

23

0.63

32

0.53

<  0.001

 EQ-5D VAS index

54

72.15

39

62.69

30

49.23

23

49.65

32

33.28

<  0.001

 Absenteeism %

31

12.71

16

8.19

16

17.13

10

31.10

14

27.57

0.112

 Presenteeism %

32

21.56

17

36.47

16

50.00

9

57.78

14

74.29

<  0.001

 Overall work impairment %

31

30.74

16

39.69

15

55.53

9

64.67

14

77.71

<  0.001

 Activity impairment %

54

20.37

39

38.72

30

54.33

23

55.22

32

71.88

<  0.001

Indirect cost (in thousand yen)

31

1201.64

16

1377.33

15

2152.31

9

2424.51

14

2699.53

0.002